Upper respiratory infections in a rural area with reduced malaria transmission in Senegal: a pathogens community study

Tine, Roger; Ndiaye, Lamine; Niang, Makhtar; Kiori, Davy; Dia, Ndongo; Gaye, Oumar; Broutin, Hélène

doi:10.1186/s12879-018-3362-8

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…S. aureus was the predominant microorganism isolated from the pharynx and nose in children 0-5 years old with bronchitis, which is similar to the findings of Tine et al (2018), who investigating nose, throat swabs for PCR, found that S. aureus was the most frequent pathogen in the age group 1-5 years in children with acute respiratory tract infections. Ning et al (2017), who researched CAP among children under 5 years of age, analyzing nasal aspirates and sputum, revealed that S. aureus was identified in a small proportion of children with CAP in China, as in the present study, which shows that S. aureus was identified in a small proportion of children with CAP in the group of children under 5 years of age.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Microorganisms causing respiratory diseases in children in relation to age and diagnosis

Isaieva

Mishyna

Gonchar

et al. 2020

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children is still one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that pneumonia accounts for 15% of all deaths of children under 5 years old. The aim of the present study was to find out the predominance of microorganisms in the respiratory tract in children. 334 strains of microorganisms were isolated: Gram-positive – 293 strains, Gram-negative – 41. From the pharynx 183 strains were isolated, from the nose – 94, from sputum – 57. Among Gram-positive microorganisms the following were isolated: Staphylococcus aureus 44 strains of microorganisms, S. epidermidis – 75, Group A β-hemolytic streptococci – 39, viridans streptococci – 55, Streptococcus pneumoniae – 34, Enterococcus faecalis – 2, Candida spp. – 38, Corynebacterium pseudodiphthericum – 6. Among Gram-negative microorganisms the following were isolated: Escherichia coli 4 strains of microorganisms, Klebsiella pneumoniae – 13, Pseudomonas aeruginosa – 6, Haemophilus influenzae – 11, Enterobacter cloacae – 7. Children were divided by age and diagnosis into four groups: I group – children with acute bronchitis (0–5 years of age), II group – children with acute bronchitis (5–18 years of age), III group – children with CAP (0–5 years of age), IV group – children with CAP (5–18 years of age). Materials used in the research – nasal swabs, throat swabs and sputum. Microorganisms were isolated and identified using standard microbiological methods. S. aureus was the predominant microorganism isolate from the pharynx in children with bronchitis (0–5 years). Group A β-hemolytic streptococci were isolated most often from the pharynx in children with bronchitis older than 5 years and in children with CAP less than 5 years of age. S. pneumoniae was most often isolated from the pharynx in children older than 5 years of age with CAP. S. aureus was the main microorganism, isolated from the nose in children with bronchitis in all age groups; in patients with CAP it was the predominant microorganism in children older than 5 years of age. S. aureus was the predominant microorganism, isolated from sputum in children with bronchitis older than 5 years. S. pneumoniae was the predominant microorganism, isolated from sputum in children with CAP older than 5 years. The research showed that S. pneumoniae is still one of the main pathogens that cause CAP in school aged children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Microorganisms causing respiratory diseases in children in relation to age and diagnosis

Isaieva

Mishyna

Gonchar

et al. 2020

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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“…A total of 22 papers from 13 countries have reported data on influenza and other respiratory pathogens including both viruses and bacteria 145 – 167 . From these, 13 studies reported data on respiratory pathogens among children < 5 years with SARI 145 , 146 , 149 , 151 , 153 , 155 , 156 , 161 , 162 , 165 – 167 , 218 , while 9 studied reported data on respiratory pathogens among other age groups 147 , 148 , 150 , 152 , 157 – 160 , 163 . The detection of respiratory virus varied considerably.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of seasonal influenza after the 2009 influenza pandemic in Africa: a systematic review

Lagaré¹,

Rajatonirina²,

Testa³

et al. 2020

Afr H. Sci.

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Background: Influenza infection is a serious public health problem that causes an estimated 3 to 5 million cases and 250,000 deaths worldwide every year. The epidemiology of influenza is well-documented in high- and middle-income countries, however minimal effort had been made to understand the epidemiology, burden and seasonality of influenza in Africa. This study aims to assess the state of knowledge of seasonal influenza epidemiology in Africa and identify potential data gaps for policy formulation following the 2009 pandemic. Method: We reviewed articles from Africa published into four databases namely: MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar, Cochrane Library and Scientific Research Publishing from 2010 to 2019. Results: We screened titles and abstracts of 2070 studies of which 311 were selected for full content evaluation and 199 studies were considered. Selected articles varied substantially on the basis of the topics they addressed covering the field of influenza surveillance (n=80); influenza risk factors and co-morbidities (n=15); influenza burden (n=37); influenza vaccina- tion (n=40); influenza and other respiratory pathogens (n=22) and influenza diagnosis (n=5). Conclusion: Significant progress has been made since the last pandemic in understanding the influenza epidemiology in Africa. However, efforts still remain for most countries to have sufficient data to allow countries to prioritize strategies for influenza prevention and control. Keywords: Influenza; epidemiology; review; Africa; post pandemic.

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“…50,51,52 A scan of the available literature on malaria and respiratory virus coinfections in malaria endemic areas show that respiratory viruses are common in these areas and include: Influenza virus, Rhinovirus, human Respiratory Syncytial Viruses and coronaviruses, among others. 53,54,55,56 These studies, however, were focused on the prevalence, clinical presentation and transmission dynamics of the viruses and did not consider the immune interactions and alterations occasioned by these coinfections. Malaria is considered a strong immunomodulator and is believed to hold potential benefit in the treatment of certain diseases.…”

Section: Malaria and Viral Comorbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Is malaria immunity a possible protection against severe symptoms and outcomes of COVID-19?

Orish

Boakye-Yiadom

Ansah

et al. 2021

gmj

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Malaria-endemic areas of the world are noted for high morbidity and mortality from malaria. Also noted in these areas is the majority of persons in the population having acquired malaria immunity. Though this acquired malaria immunity does not prevent infection, it resists the multiplication of Plasmodium parasites, restricting disease to merely uncomplicated cases or asymptomatic infections. Does this acquired malaria immunity in endemic areas protect against other diseases, especially outbreak diseases like COVID-19? Does malaria activation of innate immunity resulting in trained or tolerance immunity contribute to protection against COVID-19? In an attempt to answer these questions, this review highlights the components of malaria and viral immunity and explores possible links with immunity against COVID-19. With malaria-endemic areas of the world having a fair share of cases of COVID-19, it is important to direct research in this area to evaluate and harness any benefits of acquired malaria immunity to help mitigate the effects of COVID-19 and any possible future outbreaks.

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Upper respiratory infections in a rural area with reduced malaria transmission in Senegal: a pathogens community study

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Microorganisms causing respiratory diseases in children in relation to age and diagnosis

Microorganisms causing respiratory diseases in children in relation to age and diagnosis

The epidemiology of seasonal influenza after the 2009 influenza pandemic in Africa: a systematic review

Is malaria immunity a possible protection against severe symptoms and outcomes of COVID-19?

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