Upper Respiratory Tract Bacterial Carriage in Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Children in a Semi-arid Area of Western Australia

Watson, Kelly L.; Carville, Keryln; Bowman, Jacinta; Jacoby, Peter; Riley, Thomas V.; Leach, Amanda J.; Lehmann, Deborah

doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000232705.49634.68

Cited by 124 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

122

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We did not find association to age, but other studies suggest that nasopharyngeal colonization of respiratory bacteria increase after birth and peak during early childhood, and then steadily decrease (6,13,23,24). Although there is variability in the peak age during childhood between studies, the nasopharyngeal colonization is much less during early adulthood compared to childhood (23,25).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

“…Although there is variability in the peak age during childhood between studies, the nasopharyngeal colonization is much less during early adulthood compared to childhood (23,25). An increase in respiratory bacterial colonization has been associated with low socio-economic status, autumn-winter seasons, exposure to other children, prone sleeping position, upper respiratory or otitis media infection, immunosuppression or lack of immunization, use of pacifiers, hospitalization and xylitol consumption (21, 24, 2 6 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization during the first wheezing episode is associated with longer duration of hospitalization and higher risk of relapse in young children

Jartti

Kuneinen

Lehtinen

et al. 2010

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.Nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization during the first wheezing episode is associated with longer duration of hospitalization and higher risk of relapse in young children T. Jartti, S. Kuneinen, P. Lehtinen, V. Peltola, T. Vuorinen, M. Leinonen, O. RuuskanenTo cite this version: Conflict of interest: none.Key words: asthma; child; bacterial colonization; wheezing. Word count of the text: 3053.Objective: To study the association between bacterial colonization/infection and respiratory outcomes in <3-year-old children hospitalized for their first wheezing episode. Methods

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization during the first wheezing episode is associated with longer duration of hospitalization and higher risk of relapse in young children

Jartti

Kuneinen

Lehtinen

et al. 2010

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In comparison, in a high‐income country such as Australia, fewer than half of non‐Indigenous Australian children carry pneumococci at least once during their first year of life 25. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that pneumococcal cellular immune responses at birth differ between children born in pneumococcal high‐ versus low pneumococcal‐endemic settings, possibly as a result of prenatal activation, and influence infants' subsequent susceptibility to pneumococcal acquisition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cord blood Streptococcus pneumoniae-specific cellular immune responses predict early pneumococcal carriage in high-risk infants in Papua New Guinea

Francis

Richmond

Strickland

et al. 2016

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryIn areas where Streptococcus pneumoniae is highly endemic, infants experience very early pneumococcal colonization of the upper respiratory tract, with carriage often persisting into adulthood. We aimed to explore whether newborns in high‐risk areas have pre‐existing pneumococcal‐specific cellular immune responses that may affect early pneumococcal acquisition. Cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) of 84 Papua New Guinean (PNG; high endemic) and 33 Australian (AUS; low endemic) newborns were stimulated in vitro with detoxified pneumolysin (dPly) or pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA; families 1 and 2) and compared for cytokine responses. Within the PNG cohort, associations between CBMC dPly and PspA‐induced responses and pneumococcal colonization within the first month of life were studied. Significantly higher PspA‐specific interferon (IFN)‐γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐5, IL‐6, IL‐10 and IL‐13 responses, and lower dPly‐IL‐6 responses were produced in CBMC cultures of PNG compared to AUS newborns. Higher CBMC PspA‐IL‐5 and PspA‐IL‐13 responses correlated with a higher proportion of cord CD4 T cells, and higher dPly‐IL‐6 responses with a higher frequency of cord antigen‐presenting cells. In the PNG cohort, higher PspA‐specific IL‐5 and IL‐6 CBMC responses were associated independently and significantly with increased risk of earlier pneumococcal colonization, while a significant protective effect was found for higher PspA‐IL‐10 CBMC responses. Pneumococcus‐specific cellular immune responses differ between children born in pneumococcal high versus low endemic settings, which may contribute to the higher risk of infants in high endemic settings for early pneumococcal colonization, and hence disease.

show abstract

“…However, suppurative OM can arrest pneumatisation of the mastoid 20 bone, and archaeological evidence in ancient fossilized skulls of both the native American (Gregg & Steele 1982) and the Greenland Inuit (Homoe et al 1996a) does suggest an increase in OM subsequent to European colonisation. Genetic variation in the nasopharyngeal flora by ethnic groups has not been studied, either in contemporary or bioarchaeological remains, but the nasopharynx of Australian Aborigine children is known to be colonized by potential otopathogens at an earlier age (Leach et al 1994) and in higher numbers (Watson et al 2006), and this is predictive of subsequent middle ear suppuration (Smith-Vaughan et al 2006). This supports the idea that Aborigine populations are colonised by variants of nasopharyngeal commensals with which they have not co-evolved, and to which they may not have the genetic repertoire to mount a directed and specific immune response.…”

Section: Ethnic Variations In Otitis Media Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and Otitis Media: A Review, and a Model to Explain High Prevalence in Indigenous Populations

Bhutta¹

2015

Human Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Inflammation of the middle ear (otitis media) comprises a group of disorders that are highly prevalent in childhood, and indeed are amongst the most common disorders of childhood. Otitis media is also heritable, and has effects on fecundity. This means that otitis media is subject to evolution, yet the evolutionary selection forces that may determine susceptibility to otitis media have never been adequately explored.Here I undertake a critical analysis of evolutionary forces that may determine susceptibility to middle ear inflammation. These forces include those determining function of the middle ear, those affecting host immunity, and those affecting colonization by, and pathogenicity of bacteria. I review existing mathematical evolutionary models of host-pathogen interaction and co-evolution, and apply these to develop a better understanding of the complex evolutionary landscape of middle ear infection and inflammation in humans. This includes an understanding of factors Pre--print version. Visit http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/humbiol/ after 1 October 2015 to acquire the final version.2 determining the transition between stable evolutionary strategies for host and bacterial pathogens. This understanding will be later applied to analysis of otitis media in indigenous populations.In the second part of this article, I apply the approach of population genetics to devise a new theory for the high prevalence of otitis media in certain indigenous populations: the Australian Aborigine, the Native American, the Inuit, and the Maori.I suggest that high prevalence in such groups may have occurred as a result of colonization of these previously isolated populations by European immigrants in the 15 th and 16 th Centuries. This exposed them to new strains of bacteria to which their immune system had not evolved immunity, perturbing a previously stable hostpathogen co-evolutionary state.

show abstract

Upper Respiratory Tract Bacterial Carriage in Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Children in a Semi-arid Area of Western Australia

Abstract: Interventions are needed to reduce high transmission and carriage rates, particularly in Aboriginal communities, to avoid the serious consequences of OM.

Cited by 124 publications

References 25 publications

Nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization during the first wheezing episode is associated with longer duration of hospitalization and higher risk of relapse in young children

Nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization during the first wheezing episode is associated with longer duration of hospitalization and higher risk of relapse in young children

Cord blood Streptococcus pneumoniae-specific cellular immune responses predict early pneumococcal carriage in high-risk infants in Papua New Guinea

Evolution and Otitis Media: A Review, and a Model to Explain High Prevalence in Indigenous Populations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About