Upregulation of Bcl‐2 at the Foetal—Maternal Interface from Mice Undergoing Abortion

The mechanisms that regulate the apoptosis are essential to the normal development and maintenance of homoeostasis and play an important role in placental development in mammals. During porcine pregnancy, there must be a proper cellular remodelling to achieve a normal gestational development. Knowledge of pig physiology during pregnancy will explore options to increase the productivity of this species of high economical value. The purpose of this work was to study the cell morphology and apoptosis of porcine placentas from early, mid and late pregnancy. For that purpose, high-resolution light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were performed to the study of cell morphology. TUNEL, the apoptosis index (IAp) and the expression of c-FLIP through immunohistochemistry technique were used to the study of apoptosis. High-resolution light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of placental cells with ultrastructural apoptotic features. Apoptotic nuclei were detected by TUNEL in different placental structures and phagocytes containing apoptotic bodies. The IAp in villi was 9.34% at early, 0.82% at mid and 23.85% at late pregnancy. Statistically significant differences were found between periods (p < 0.05). In previous studies, we determined a differential induction of the apoptotic routes in the placental villi in agreement with the gestational period. A co-expression of receptors and mitochondrial proteins in placental connective tissue was detected, but the immunolocalization of c-FLIP would indicate an endogenous inhibition of the extrinsic pathway. In conclusion, in swine there exists differential activation of inducing apoptotic pathways in different placental structures according to the gestational period.

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“…These findings are consistent with the previously established by Bertoja et al. (), Huppertz et al. () and Martins et al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Cellular Remodelling by Apoptosis During Porcine Placentation

Cristofolini

Sanchís

Moliva

et al. 2013

Reprod Domestic Animals

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“…Given these observations, it was hypothesized that decidual cell death was necessary for normal term delivery of the conceptus, and that a Bax: Bcl-2 "rheostat" is involved in regulating apoptosis in the postterm placenta (Mu et al, 2003). On the contrary, upregulation of Bcl-2 was reported in the decidua of abortion-prone mice, perhaps serving as a compensatory or protective mechanism (Bertoja et al, 2005), especially considering the premature "delivery" of these preterm placentae.…”

Section: Genetic Models Of Cell Death In Mouse Placentamentioning

confidence: 97%

Molecular mechanisms of trophoblast survival: From implantation to birth

2005

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Fetal development depends upon a coordinated series of events in both the embryo and in the supporting placenta. The initial event in placentation is appropriate lineage allocation of stem cells followed by the formation of a spheroidal trophoblastic shell surrounding the embryo, facilitating implantation into the uterine stroma and exclusion of oxygenated maternal blood. In mammals, cellular proliferation, differentiation, and death accompany early placental development. Programmed cell death is a critical driving force behind organ sculpturing and eliminating abnormal, misplaced, nonfunctional, or harmful cells in the embryo proper, although very little is known about its physiological function during placental development. This review summarizes current knowledge of the cell death patterns and molecular pathways governing the survival of cells within the blastocyst, with a focus on the trophoblast lineage prior to and after implantation. Particular emphasis is given to human placental development in the context of normal and pathological conditions. As molecular pathways in humans are poorly elucidated, we have also included an overview of pertinent genetic animal models displaying defects in trophoblast survival.

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“…Given these observations, it was hypothesized that decidual cell death was necessary for normal term delivery of the conceptus, and that a Bax:Bcl‐2 “rheostat” is involved in regulating apoptosis in the postterm placenta (Mu et al,2003). On the contrary, upregulation of Bcl‐2 was reported in the decidua of abortion‐prone mice, perhaps serving as a compensatory or protective mechanism (Bertoja et al,2005), especially considering the premature “delivery” of these preterm placentae.…”

Section: The Mouse Placenta As a Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical modelling of the spouted bed coating process using positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) data

2008

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Coating of particles larger than about 1 mm can be achieved in a spouted bed, a particle mobilization device in which a strong particle circulation occurs, rapidly upwards in a lean central "spout" region and downwards in a slowly moving annular settled bed. In a spouted bed coater, a spray nozzle is placed at the base of the spout, spraying upwards into a distinct coating zone. The coating formation in a spouted bed is inter alia a function of (i) the particle motion, that is, how often and where particles enter and traverse the coating zone and (ii) the extent of droplet collection by individual particles passing through the coating zone.The coating model proposed here is based on the statistical history of individual particles, whose projected area governs the collection of spray droplets in the coating zone. Positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) has been used to determine the particle trajectories, the distribution of cycle times and the size and voidage of the spout. Whilst the model is not capable of delivering absolute values of coating mass a priori, it can predict deviations from a mean, which can itself be determined from an overall mass balance.To validate the model, a spouted bed coating process was studied in which coarse PVC spheres were coated with the hot-melt coating material polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1500. Coating mass distributions, derived from the weight data of individual particles before and after manual coating removal, compared (for the studied conditions) very well with the predictions of the model. L'enduction de particules plus grosses que 1 mm peutêtre effectué dans un lit jaillissant, un dispositif de mise en mouvement de particules dans lequel se produit une forte circulation des particules. Cette circulation se caractérise par un mouvement ascendant rapide dans une région de jet centrale mince, et par un mouvement descendant lent dans un lit annulaire déposé. Dans une coucheuseà lit jaillissant, un orifice d'injection est placéà la base du jet, vaporisant en direction ascendante dans une zone d'enduction distincte. La formation de la couche dans un lit jaillissant est inter alia une fonction, d'une part, du déplacement des particules, c'est-à-dire combien de fois et où les particules entrent et traversent la zone d'enduction, et d'autre part, de l'importance de la collecte de gouttelettes par les différentes particules traversant la zone d'enduction.Le modèle d'enduction proposé ici repose sur l'histoire statistique des différentes particules, dont la surface projetée gouverne la collecte de gouttelettes vaporisées dans la zone d'enduction. On a eu recours au traçage des particules parémission de positrons (PEPT) pour déterminer les trajectoires des particules, la distribution des temps de cycles et la taille et le degré de vide du jet. Alors que le modèle n'est a priori pas capable de fournir des valeurs absolues de la masse de couche, il peut prédire lesécarts par rapportà la moyenne, ce qui peut aussiêtre déterminéà partir d'un bilan de matière global.Pour valider le modèle...

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Upregulation of Bcl‐2 at the Foetal—Maternal Interface from Mice Undergoing Abortion

Cited by 6 publications

References 50 publications

Cellular Remodelling by Apoptosis During Porcine Placentation

Cellular Remodelling by Apoptosis During Porcine Placentation

Molecular mechanisms of trophoblast survival: From implantation to birth

Statistical modelling of the spouted bed coating process using positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) data

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