Upregulation of Hyaluronan-Mediated Motility Receptor Is Linked with Immune Infiltrates and Poor Prognosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Abstract

Background The hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR) is excessive expression in a great deal of malignancies and has been implicated in cancer invasion and metastasis. Nevertheless, the prognostic values of HMMR in lung adenocarcinoma and its connection to immunological infiltrates are still unknown. As a result, we investigated the importance of HMMR in lung tumor prognosis and its relationship with immune infiltrates. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) provided transcriptional profiling of HMMR in normal samples and pulmonary adenocarcinoma samples. The expression of the HMMR protein was analyzed by the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC). To distinguish lung adenocarcinoma from normal tissues in the vicinity, we used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Kaplan-Meier method was conducted to assess the effect of HMMR on survival. The STRING program created protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Functional enrichment analysis was carried out using the "ClusterProfiler" program. The association between HMMR mRNA immune infiltrates and expression was identified using tumor-immune system interaction database (TISIDB) and tumor immune estimate resource (TIMER). Results In lung adenocarcinoma tissues, the HMMR expression was substantially higher than in surrounding normal tissues. Lymphoma node metastases and high TNM stage were linked to increase HMMR mRNA expression. HMMR's specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy for distinguishing pulmonary cancer from neighboring controls were 86.2, 98.3, and 87.4 percent, respectively, at a cutoff level of 2.103, according to the ROC curve analysis. The prognosis for patients with high-HMMR lung adenocarcinoma was worse than for those with low-HMMR (41.9 vs. 59.9 months, P < 0.001), according to a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Correlation study revealed that the expression of HMMR mRNA was linked to immunological infiltrates and tumor purity. Conclusion In lung adenocarcinoma, immune infiltrates and poor survival are associated with upregulated HMMR. Our findings imply that HMMR may be utilized in lung adenocarcinoma as a predictor of poor prognosis and a possible biomarker for immune treatment.