Upscalability and Techno-economic Perspectives of Nonconventional Essential Oils Extraction Techniques

Abstract

Context: Nonconventional extraction methods, such as microwave, supercritical fluid, and ultrasonic, are known to be veritable means of producing solvent-free high-quality essential oils. Nonetheless, technical requirements for the utilization of these extraction technologies are often exorbitantly expensive, thereby limiting their utilization. Evidence Acquisition: Although these emerging extraction technologies have been reported to be efficient at a laboratory scale, their techno-economic analyses are necessary for proper upscaling. Scaling up nonconventional extraction has long been regarded as a critical constraint in larger industrial applications with a relatively limited body of published literature on more specific techno-economic analyses. Results: Therefore, an essential oil extraction unit’s techno-economic feasibility should be carefully assessed before an acquisition decision can be made for industrial upscaling. This review critically examined the implications of upscaling nonconventional extraction techniques while taking into consideration their techno-economic benefits. Conclusions: This study will undoubtedly assist researchers and industrial experts make an informed decision on the suitable extraction methods while taking into account the essential oil yield, quality characteristics, energy consumption, and operating costs.

Physicochemical Properties of Nanoliposomes Encapsulating Grape Seed Tannins Formed with Ultrasound Cycles

“…This method has emerged as an effective tool for obtaining compounds of interest in various fields, ranging from the food industry to pharmaceuticals. An example of its effectiveness is observed in extracting flavors and essential oils from herbs and spices, where ultrasound has proven to be an efficient alternative to conventional methods [9]. Additionally, in the food industry, this approach has successfully extracted antioxidants from diverse sources, such as fruits and vegetables [10].…”

Natural Polymers as Carriers for Encapsulation of Volatile Oils: Applications and Perspectives in Food Products

“…Conventional extraction methods are hydro distillation (HD) and steam distillation (SD), which are commonly used. Several innovative green extraction methods have recently been developed to extract essential oil, such as microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) [ 6 ], and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) [ 7 ].…”

New Parameters to Model Microwave-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction of Lignin Using Analytical Pyrolysis–GC/MS

“…Numerous papers are currently available describing the extraction of lignin with DESs. − DESs obtained with choline chloride and carboxylic acids are particularly promising for lignin extraction and solubilization. , Microwave-assisted heating has also shown promising results, significantly reducing the time and temperature required to perform the extraction. − The use of microwave-assisted heating for large-scale lignin processing is still an unexplored field, but applications for the extraction of other materials have been discussed in recent publications. − Once isolated from the carbohydrate fraction of lignocellulose, lignin is usually retrieved by precipitation with an antisolvent, the most common being water. The performances of water as antisolvent generally depend on the presence of pH modifiers, the structural features of lignin, and its molecular weight distribution .…”