“…Under the uncovered interest rates parity hypothesis (UIP), such profit opportunities should not occur recurrently or at least should not be profitable on average. However, several empirical works have already demonstrated the existence of such UIP violations and the resulting sizable profits (Ames, Peters, Bagnarosa, & Kosmidis, 2015;Backus, Foresi, & Telmer, 2001;Brunnermeier et al, 2008;Burnside, Eichenbaum, Kleshchelski, & Rebelo, 2011;Christiansen, Ranaldo, & Söderlind, 2011;Fama, 1984;Hansen & Hodrick, 1980;Lustig et al, 2011;Lustig & Verdelhan, 2007;Menkhoff, Sarno, Schmeling, & Schrimpf, 2012). Before introducing 3 Following the definition provided by the CFTC, futures market positions are identified as nonspeculative when "their purpose is to offset price risks incidental to commercial cash or spot operations and such positions are established and liquidated in an orderly manner in accordance with sound commercial practices" (CFTC Regulation 1.3, 17 CFR 1.3(z)).…”