Upside-down Carbon nanotube (CNT) micro-electrode array (MEA)

Gaio, Nikolas; Meer, Berend J. van; Silvestri, Cinzia; Pakazad, Saeed Khoshfetrat; Vollebregt, Sten; Mummery, Christine L.; Dekker, R.

doi:10.1109/icsens.2015.7370350

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The cells cultured in the OOC can be also monitored via the Pt electrodes directly embedded in the PDMS membrane. In order to fabricate this device, the wafer-scale microfabrication process previously presented by Pakazad et al [25], [27] was modified and optimized. Second, the PEDOT:PSS is deposited directly on top of the Pt electrodes by electrochemical polymerization.…”

Section: Device Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cyclic voltammetry (CV) deposition method with a three electrodes cell setup [27], was utilized in order to increase the deposition rate by exploiting the capacitive current. In this procedure, the voltage on the working electrode is scanned over a 0.2 -1.3 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) range with a scan rate of 0.5 V/s.…”

Section: B Pedot Electrochemical Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the electrochemical characterization procedures were done with a three electrodes setup [27] in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) medium (by Sigma Aldrich). The electrochemical characterization, i.e.…”

Section: Mea Characterization Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-Impedance PEDOT:PSS MEA Integrated in a Stretchable Organ-on-Chip Device

et al. 2020

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We present the first Organ-on-Chip equipped with a low-impedance Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) MicroElectrode Array (MEA). The novel device allows simultaneous mechanical stimulation with a stretchable PDMS membrane and electrical monitoring via the PEDOT:PSS MEA of multiple in vitro cell cultures. The surface area enhancement and the morphology of the PEDOT:PSS allows an increase of the charge injection per unit area at the electrode-electrolyte interface, resulting in significantly lower electrochemical impedance of the electrodes. In particular, at 1 kHz the fabricated PEDOT-MEA electrodes show a reduction of the overall impedance up to 99.4 and 93.3 % in comparison with benchmark TiN and Pt electrodes. The superior performance of PEDOT:PSS were also confirmed via Cyclic Voltammetry measurement, in which PEDOT:PSS showed a very large capacitive current, compared with the benchmark electrodes both in the forward and the reverse scans. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed PEDOT:PSS coating, and introduce this material in the OOC field. Moreover, the quality and morphology of the fabricated PEDOT:PSS based electrodes were assessed via SEM imaging and Raman spectroscopy. Index Terms-Organ-on-chip, microelectrode array, PEDOT:PSS, PDMS. I. INTRODUCTION O RGAN-ON-CHIPS (OOCs) are in vitro models, which replicate the minimal functional unit of an organ by combining advanced polymer chip technology with

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Section: Device Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Pedot Electrochemical Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-Impedance PEDOT:PSS MEA Integrated in a Stretchable Organ-on-Chip Device

et al. 2020

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“…The signal has a relatively low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to other works [ 26 , 27 ], due to the high electrochemical impedance of the flat and subcellular electrodes included in the Cytostretch device [ 12 , 25 ]. The impedance can be improved by coating the electrodes with porous coating such as carbon nanotubes as shown by the author in [ 28 ].…”

Section: Micro-electrode Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytostretch, an Organ-on-Chip Platform

et al. 2016

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Organ-on-Chips (OOCs) are micro-fabricated devices which are used to culture cells in order to mimic functional units of human organs. The devices are designed to simulate the physiological environment of tissues in vivo. Cells in some types of OOCs can be stimulated in situ by electrical and/or mechanical actuators. These actuations can mimic physiological conditions in real tissue and may include fluid or air flow, or cyclic stretch and strain as they occur in the lung and heart. These conditions similarly affect cultured cells and may influence their ability to respond appropriately to physiological or pathological stimuli. To date, most focus has been on devices specifically designed to culture just one functional unit of a specific organ: lung alveoli, kidney nephrons or blood vessels, for example. In contrast, the modular Cytostretch membrane platform described here allows OOCs to be customized to different OOC applications. The platform utilizes silicon-based micro-fabrication techniques that allow low-cost, high-volume manufacturing. We describe the platform concept and its modules developed to date. Membrane variants include membranes with (i) through-membrane pores that allow biological signaling molecules to pass between two different tissue compartments; (ii) a stretchable micro-electrode array for electrical monitoring and stimulation; (iii) micro-patterning to promote cell alignment; and (iv) strain gauges to measure changes in substrate stress. This paper presents the fabrication and the proof of functionality for each module of the Cytostretch membrane. The assessment of each additional module demonstrate that a wide range of OOCs can be achieved.

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“…Micro-electrodes and micro-electrode arrays (MEAs) are very important in a variety of medical applications like cochlear implants, retinal implants or deep brain stimulators. There, micro-electrodes are used for recording action potentials or stimulating neurons [1]. Especially for retinal implants it is necessary that these MEAs are flexible to conform to the curvature of the eye.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterial-modified Flexible Micro-electrode Array by Electrophoretic Deposition of Carbon Nanotubes

Winkin¹,

Gierth²

2016

J Biochip Tissue Chip

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Micro-electrode arrays (MEAs) and micro-electrodes are used in a variety of medical applications for recording action potentials or stimulating neurons. To have an excellent signal-to-noise ratio, the contact between the neuronal tissue and the micro-electrodes must be very close. Therefore, a flexible MEA with a large number of electrodes on a large area is necessary. In this work, a flexible micro-electrode array (MEA) with an integrated flexible CMOS-chip was designed and fabricated. By connecting several of these MEAs by a bus system, the number of electrodes and therefore the spatial resolution can be increased extremely. Because of the small size of the micro-electrodes (<120 µm) each electrode needs a high charge delivery capacity and a high "true" surface area for stimulation, respectively. This can be obtained by coating the electrodes by disordered multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Direct current pulsed Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) has been proved successfully for the aforementioned application. The effective deposition time and the pulse width were figured out to create ideal MWCNT-electrode properties, particularly, with regard to the enhancement of the "true" surface area, microscopic homogeneity and reproducibility of the layer.

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Upside-down Carbon nanotube (CNT) micro-electrode array (MEA)

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Low-Impedance PEDOT:PSS MEA Integrated in a Stretchable Organ-on-Chip Device

Low-Impedance PEDOT:PSS MEA Integrated in a Stretchable Organ-on-Chip Device

Cytostretch, an Organ-on-Chip Platform

Nanomaterial-modified Flexible Micro-electrode Array by Electrophoretic Deposition of Carbon Nanotubes

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