Uptake and accumulation of cadmium, manganese and zinc by fisheries species: Trophic differences in sensitivity to environmental metal accumulation

Manganese in the Diet: Bioaccessibility, Adequate Intake, and Neurotoxicological Effects

“…Leafy green vegetables are the significant part of the human diet. Mn levels in vegetables, such as spinach, broccoli, lettuce, and cabbage, have been reported to be 83.20 mg/kg, from 18.83 mg/kg (floret) to 7.00 mg/kg (stem), with 26.17 mg/kg (leaf), 4.12–8.33 mg/kg, and 68.7 mg/kg of Mn, respectively. − Mn levels have also been reported in fruits, pineapple (90.8 mg/kg), açaí (145–1197 mg/kg), strawberry (4.9 mg/kg), and banana (10.747 mg/kg). − Seeds, such as soybeans (non-transgenic, 43.8–41.2 mg/kg; transgenic, 45–49 mg/kg), beans (28.352 mg/kg), lentils (8.5 to 26.8 mg/kg), and green beans (28.2 mg/kg), are rich in protein, fiber, complex carbohydrates, and micronutrients, such as Mn, serving as an integral part of a healthy diet. ,− Seafood, such as clams (4.7 mg/kg), freshwater fish (1.6–28.9 mg/kg), mussels (0.5–1.6 mg/kg), also represents Mn sources, − as well as spices, such as turmeric, cloves, black pepper, red pepper, cumin, cinnamon, abazir leaf, white pepper, ginger, and coriander, at levels between 8.8 and 309 mg/kg of Mn in samples analyzed in Saudi Arabia . The different types of brewed teas, such as black tea (8.49–12.43 mg/kg), green tea (4.55–14.71 mg/kg), and herbal tea (0.89–17.30 mg/kg), contain Mn concentrations between 0.89 and 17.30 mg/kg according to a study performed in Nigeria, as well as both cocoa and chocolate, with 30.1 mg/kg for cocoa and 3.1 mg/kg for milk chocolate .…”

Outlining Potential Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect to Critical Minerals: Nutritionally Essential Trace Elements and the Rare Earth Elements

“…Aquatic organisms take up and accumulate trace metals, whether essential or not [ 32 ]. Metals dissolved in water may be accumulated by direct adsorption to body surfaces with subsequent uptake across permeable membranes, such as gills [ 33 ], with particulate metals being accumulated by ingestion and through food web trophic transfer [ 32 ]. Several metals target the active ionic uptake pathways on gills, likely using the pathways as a route of entry through “ionic mimicry” [ 19 ].…”

“…Organism uptake and assimilation responses vary among trophic levels and taxa, even for species that are biologically similar, complicating the understanding of metal cycling in food webs and organism responses [ 35 ]. Comparative studies of different aquatic organisms indicate that some species or groups likely have variable resiliencies to trace metal contamination [ 32 ]. Moreover, aquatic species can be genetically adapted to local levels of metals, so responses of fish species in different regions may not always be directly comparable [ 19 ].…”

“…Moreover, several parameters of the blood profile were changed, and micronuclei indicated genotoxic effects [ 91 ]. In commercially fished estuarine species, a radiotracer study with Cd, Mn, and Zn showed clams ( Katelysia scalarina ) were more sensitive than whiting ( Sillago ciliate ) or prawns ( Metapenaeus macleayi ) to the accumulation of these metals, partially explaining the persistence of that fish species in contaminated estuaries [ 32 ]. In a study with the freshwater striped gouramie, Colisa fasciatus , experimental Mn poisoning resulted in a decreased hepatosomatic index; erythrocyte and leukocyte counts decreased and increased, respectively [ 97 ].…”

Sensing Cd(II) Using a Disposable Optical Sensor Based on a Schiff Base Immobilisation on a Polymer-Inclusion Membrane. Applications in Water and Art Paint Samples

“…Humans can be daily exposed to Cd via air, drinking water, or food. Different studies have described this exposure due to the intake of some infant formulas and baby foods [38], cereals [39], small bivalves and crustaceans [40], cigarettes smoke [41], handling of batteries [42], or the use of paints and articles coloured with pigments such as toys, ceramics, plastics, or decorated glassware [43].…”