Uptake and accumulation of emerging contaminants in soil and plant treated with wastewater under real-world environmental conditions in the Al Hayer area (Saudi Arabia)

Picó, Yolanda; Álvarez-Ruiz, R.; Alfarhan, Ahmed; El-Sheikh, Mohamed A.; Alobaid, Samy M.; Barceló, Damià

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.224

Cited by 100 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…As shown in Table 2, recoveries ranging from 68 to 119% with relative standard deviations (RSD) < 18% were obtained for all the compounds except for allopurinol, with recoveries ranging from 30 to 66% with RSD ≤ 12%. Our results were of the same order than those reported by other authors for NP, BPA, BPF, MeP, PrP, diclofenac, and carbamazepine in cereal products (see Table 3) or higher than those reported for ibuprofen and paracetamol in barley that were <59% (Picó et al, 2019). Regarding allopurinol, it has not been previously determined in cereals so we cannot compare our results with those of other authors.…”

Section: Methods Validationsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The different physicochemical properties of ECs and the complexity of the matrix hinders the multiresidue analysis of these compounds in cereals (Albero et al, 2019). In previous studies, the extraction of ECs from cereal grains or cereal-based food was carried out by shaking (Cao et al, 2011;Kannan, 2013, 2014;Liao et al, 2013a,b), ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) (Niu et al, 2012;Picó et al, 2019;Azzouz et al, 2020) or pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with organic solvents (Carabias-Martínez et al, 2006) or hot water (Cortés et al, 2013). After extraction, the clean-up and preconcentration of extracts were performed by solid-phase extraction (SPE), except in the method employing hot water as extraction solvent that applied hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) (Cortés et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of Emerging Contaminants in Cereals by Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

2020

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Cereals are staple foods for human consumption in both developed and developing countries. In order to improve agricultural outputs, resources like reclaimed water for irrigation and biosolids and manure as fertilizers are frequently used, although they may increase the input of contaminants that can potentially be absorbed by crops and enter the food chain. Emerging contaminants (human and veterinary pharmaceuticals, personal care products, surfactants, plasticizers, and industrial additives, among others) are continuously introduced in the environment from a variety sources and these contaminants may enter the food chain through plant uptake. In this study, an analytical method, based on ultrasound-assisted extraction and dispersive solid-phase cleanup, was developed for the determination of emerging contaminants from different classes in four highly consumed cereal grains (wheat, oat, barley, and rice). These analytes were selected considering the results of our previous studies carried out in soil and vegetables and those frequently detected in real samples were chosen. The target compounds selected were bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), methyl paraben, propyl paraben, linear chain nonylphenol in position 4 (4-n-NP), mixture of ring and chain isomers of NP and six pharmaceutical compounds (allopurinol, mefenamic acid, carbamazepine, paracetamol, diclofenac and ibuprofen). Recoveries ranging from 68 to 119% with relative standard deviations (RSD) < 18% were obtained for all the compounds except for allopurinol, with recoveries that ranged from 30 to 66% with RSD ≤ 12% and the limits of detection achieved ranged from 0.03 to 4.9 ng/g. The method was applied to the analysis of 16 cereal samples, ten were purchased in local supermarkets and the rest were collected directly from agricultural fields, five of which were fertilized with organic amendments. Bisphenol A (BPA) was detected in all samples at levels that ranged from 1.6 to 1,742 ng/g. Bisphenol F, a substitute for BPA, was also found in six samples (up to 22 ng/g). Linear 4-n-NP was found in a reduced number of samples but the mixture of NP isomers was found in all the samples, being the mean concentrations in wheat, barley, oat and rice 49, 90, 142, and 184 ng/g, respectively.

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Section: Methods Validationsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Emerging Contaminants in Cereals by Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

2020

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“…These scenarios are different from those that actually occur in the Mezquital Valley but are undoubtedly important references to consider in future research, which mainly concern factors that influence the transportation and observed destination of EDCs and analysis in soil, roots, leaves, and edible crops [55]. Yet, there are undoubtedly important references to consider in future research studies, which are mainly regarding the factors influencing the transport and observed destination of EDCs [56,57], in an analytical experience for detection in soil, roots, leaves, and part of the edible cultivation [52], as well as in the risk assessment associated with the presence of EDCs in crops in the region [49,58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lastly, carbamazepine, which is among the extensive list of drugs reported in the literature, is possibly the most frequently studied due to its characteristics of persistence in the environment. Other studies have investigated ibuprofen, naproxen, and gemfibrozil, which are analyzed in the present research [50][51][52].…”

Section: Estimation On Human Health Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence and Natural Treatment of Organic Micropollutants and their Risks after 100 Years of Incidental Water Reuse in Agricultural Irrigation

Chávez-Mejía

Navarro-González

Magaña-López

et al. 2019

Water

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The aim of the research was to show the presence of micropollutants contained in the wastewater of Mexico City within the distribution canals of the Mezquital Valley (MV), as well as their retention in agricultural soil and aquifers. This system constitutes the world's oldest and largest example of the use of untreated wastewater for agricultural irrigation. The artificial recharge associated with the MV aquifers, with groundwater extracted for human consumption showing its importance as a water resource for Mexico City. The results of sampling show the presence of 18 compounds, with 10 of these considered as endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs). The concentration of these pollutants ranged from 2 ng/L for 17 β-estradiol to 99 ng/L for DEHP, with these values decreasing throughout the course of the canals due to the wastewater dilution factor, their retention in agricultural soil, and their accumulation in the local aquifer. The main mechanisms involved in natural attenuation are adsorption, filtration, and biodegradation. Drinking water equivalent levels (DWELs) were estimated for 11 compounds with regard to acceptable daily intakes (ADIs), by assuming local exposure parameters for a rural Mexican population. These were compared with the maximum groundwater concentrations (Cgw) to screen the potential risks. The very low ratios of Cgw to DWELs indicate no appreciable human health risk from the presence of trace concentrations of these compounds in the source of drinking water in the MV. Despite this, far from being exceeded after more than 100 years of irrigation with residual water, the natural soil attenuation seems to remain stable.

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“…Only few studies followed an experimental setup where real STP effluent was applied for irrigation of crops in field, representing actual farming practices. Moreover, even fewer studies have reported concentrations of the studied CoECs in both the growing medium (i.e., soil) and the edible tissues of the crops, thus allowing for the estimation of the bioconcentration factor (Christou et al 2017b(Christou et al , 2019aFranklin et al 2015;Goldstein et al 2014;Pan et al 2014;Picó et al 2019;Riemenschneider et al 2016). For example, Goldstein et al (2014) reported that the concentration of CoECs in cucumber and tomato leaves of crops grown in three different soils in pots was of similar order, whereas their concentration in the tomato fruit was much lower compared to that in the cucumber fruit.…”

Section: Extrinsic Properties Of Organic Coecsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Purification Through Soils: Risks and Opportunities of Sewage Effluent Reuse in Sub-surface Irrigation

Narain-Ford

Bartholomeus

Dekker

et al. 2020

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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At global level there are several guidelines, i.e., non-mandatory recommendations, available concerning water reuse (Table 1). In 2006 the World Health Organization (WHO) published guidelines on the safe use of wastewater, intended as a tool for decision-makers and regulators to provide a consistent level of health protection in different settings. The guidelines can be adapted for implementation under specific environmental, sociocultural, and economic conditions at a national level (WHO 2006). The United States Environmental Protection Agency issued the last version of the "Guidelines for Water Reuse" (USEPA 2012). These guidelines include a wide range of reuse applications (e.g., agricultural irrigation and aquifer recharge) and apply similar approaches as described by the WHO (2006) and the Australian Government Initiative (2006) for controlling health and environmental risks. The most recent global guidelines for STP effluent reuse in agricultural irrigation were published in 2015 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO 2015). These ISO guidelines include water quality requirements for CoECs. Remarkably, the State of California overtakes these global guidelines with specific regulations for CoECs (California Water Boards 2019). Consequently, these California water reuse regulations are being used as a global benchmark for the development of water reuse regulations worldwide. Noteworthy, California recently signed the Senate Bill No. 996 (Legislative Counsel Bureau 2018), which encourages communities to reuse STP effluent on-site. 2.2 Europe At European level the need to address management of water resources to prevent scarcity and droughts was acknowledged in the EU's Blueprint to safeguard Europe's water resources (Table 1). In this Blueprint the need to use STP effluent as an alternative water resource for irrigation purposes is re-emphasized (European Commission 2012). Six EU Member States

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Uptake and accumulation of emerging contaminants in soil and plant treated with wastewater under real-world environmental conditions in the Al Hayer area (Saudi Arabia)

Cited by 100 publications

References 40 publications

Determination of Emerging Contaminants in Cereals by Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Determination of Emerging Contaminants in Cereals by Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Presence and Natural Treatment of Organic Micropollutants and their Risks after 100 Years of Incidental Water Reuse in Agricultural Irrigation

Natural Purification Through Soils: Risks and Opportunities of Sewage Effluent Reuse in Sub-surface Irrigation

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