Uptake and fate of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins from the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima in the bay scallop Argopecten irradians

Accumulation, transformation and breakdown of DSP toxins from the toxic dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuta in blue mussels, Mytilus edulis

“…This is similar to the net retention of 63% previously found for an unspecified mussel species, when using OA encapsulated in gelatin-acacia microcapsules (Rossignoli et al, 2011a). It is, however, much higher than the 1e10% found in the only previous study to use live dinoflagellates as prey (Bauder et al, 2001), but this study did not include toxin esters and may consequently have missed a substantial part of the toxin pool. Available evidence thus suggests that M. edulis accumulate the majority of both OA and DTX ingested.…”

“…Our knowledge on accumulation of DSP toxins in mussels comes almost exclusively from field populations; controlled laboratory experiments are very scarce (Bauder et al, 2001;Rossignoli et al, 2011b). This owes primarily to the fact that culturing of Dinophysis spp.…”

Differential okadaic acid accumulation and detoxification by oysters and mussels during natural and simulated Dinophysis blooms

“…detoxification) rates. As observed for A. irradians scallops after 48-h exposure to DST-producing Prorocentrum lima cells, the rapid toxin accumulation upon initial contact with toxic cells contrasted with a low overall toxin assimilation efficiency (<1 %) during long-term (14 day) exposure [53], suggesting that most of the toxin body burden may be associated with intact or recently digested cells, primarily confined to the bivalve digestive tract during the first hours of toxin uptake. The fact that 7-O-acyl OA (usually the main OA degradation product in bivalves) was not found in our samples also supports this suggestion.…”

“…The contribution of non-visceral tissues to the total toxin burden ranged from 3 to 6 % in M. galloprovincialis (<1 % when calculated from concentrated extracts; [50]), and from 9 to 12.5 % in M. edulis [51,52]; however, it may be greater in other bivalve species such as the scallops Argopecten irradians (23 % [53]) and Pecten fumatus (78 % [48]). In our experiment, OA levels in non-visceral tissues were still undetectable in all bivalves after the initial 5 h of toxin uptake; however, their contribution to the total toxin burden increased to 9-13 % in P. perna, 16-23 % in C. gigas, and 23-34 % in C. brasiliana during the rest of the 24-h uptake period.…”

Diarrhetic shellfish toxicity in relation to the abundance of Dinophysis spp. in the German Bight near Helgoland

“…The presence of high densities of DSP-producing microalgae might reduce the clearance rates of Mytilus edulis as described by Pilet et al (1995). Bauder et al (2001) measured similar clearance rates when scallops Argopecten irradians Lamarck 1819 were exposed to a toxic microalgae diet, in contrast to exposure to nontoxic phytoplankton, but a lower absorption efficiency of organic matter was observed. Sidari et al (1998) described a feeding preference of blue mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck 1819 for Dinophysis spp., without detecting a correlation between the cell amounts in the digestive glands and the DSP-toxin content.…”