Uptake and Metabolism of Phenolic Compounds by the Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)

O'Keeffe, David H.; Wiese, Thomas E.; Brummet, Shauna R.; Miller, Todd W.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-1931-3_4

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The results obtained during this study confirm the importance of plants in phenolic compound removal processes, which is in line with previous findings . They also verify the strong influence of inflow loads on removal efficiency .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Removal of dimethylphenols and ammonium in laboratory‐scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands

Schultze-Nobre

Wießner

Bartsch

et al. 2017

Engineering in Life Sciences

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Phenolic compounds in industrial wastewaters are toxic pollutants and pose a threat to public health and ecosystems. More recently, focus is being directed toward combining the treatment of these compounds with a cost‐effective and environmentally sound technology. The removal efficiency of dimethylphenol and ammonium nitrogen was studied, for the first time, in three different laboratory‐scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands planted with Juncus effusus. Two of the wetlands used were filled with gravel. One of these was planted and the second left without vegetation. The third wetland was a hydroponic system. It was found that the removal efficiencies of dimethylphenol was dependent on the inflow loading of the contaminant and was higher in the planted systems. Both planted systems yielded 99% removal efficiency up to loads of 240 mg/d, compared to only 73% for the unplanted constructed wetland. Factors and processes such as redox dynamics, methanogenesis, reduction of ammonium and low nitrate and nitrite concentrations imply simultaneous aerobic and anaerobic dimethylphenol transformations. A significant surplus of organic carbon was detected in the planted wetlands, which may originate from intermediates of the dimethylphenol transformation processes and/or organic plant root exudates. The present study demonstrates that horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands are a promising alternative system for the treatment of effluents contaminated with dimethylphenol isomers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Removal of dimethylphenols and ammonium in laboratory‐scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands

Schultze-Nobre

Wießner

Bartsch

et al. 2017

Engineering in Life Sciences

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“…Since the cultures were to be analyzed by GC-MS, the sucrose and tryptone were omitted from the plant growth media and 100 plants were initially present to allow higher concentrations of the phenol to be used. It is important to note that EC 10 and ECJQ values reported in Table I depend critically on the experimental conditions. The ratio (number of plants):(quantity of phenols) is equally as important as the concentration of phenol.…”

Section: Metabolism Studiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Schnabl and Youngman (21) have presented evidence that PCP blocks the PS II step of photosynthetic electron transport. The EC 10 and EC50 values, with regard to the vegetative frond reproduction are shown in Table I. The values were calculated using the exponential equation derived from the growth data.…”

Section: Toxicity Toward L· Gibbamentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism of Chlorinated Phenols by Lemna gibba, Duckweed

Ensley

Sharma

Barber

et al. 1997

Phytoremediation of Soil and Water Contaminants

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The toxicity and metabolism of phenol and a series of chlorinated phenols, 4-chlorophenol to pentachlorophenol, in axenically grown Lemna gibba were studied. It was found that the toxicities of the phenols tended to increase with increasing number of chlorine substituents on the phenol ring. Over relatively short incubation periods (< 7 days), the plants metabolized each of the phenols in the same manner, producing compounds that were more polar than the corresponding phenol from which they were derived. The plant-produced metabolites of phenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol were isolated, purified and their structures were identified by high field NMR and chemical ionization MS to be β-glucoside conjugates. It was further shown, by GC/MS, that over longer incubation periods (ca 20 days), the plants were able to progressively dechlorinate the phenols. While conversion of the chlorinated phenols to their corresponding phenyl glucosides results in compounds that are more water-soluble and less toxic to the plants than were the parent phenols, the potential for regeneration of the original phenols, as a result of low pH or enzymatic cleavage of the glucoside, remains. In contrast, reductive dechlorination represents a real detoxification since the toxicity of the chlorinated phenols decreases with decreasing number of chlorine substituents. It is possible therefore, that the ability of duckweed to perform reductive dechlorination can be exploited as part of a remediation technology.Phenol and the 19 chlorinated phenols are used extensively as pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, bactericides, etc. In addition, significant amounts of chlorophenols are generated as a result of the bleaching process in paper mills (/), the chlorination of drinking water and the incineration of waste materials (2). The magnitude of the problem 3

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“…Water hyacinths, Eichhornia crassipes, in open water units were tested by several researchers (Wolverton & McKown 1976;O'Keeffe et al 1987). Vaidyanathan et al (1983) measured 89% phenol removal at 75 mg/L influent concentration, whereas unplanted control units achieved only 13% removal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elimination of phenols, ammonia and cyanide in wash water from biomass gasification, and nitrogen recycling using planted trickling filters

Graber

Skvarc

Junge

2009

Water Science and Technology

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Trickling filters were used to treat wash water from a wood gasifier. This wash water contained toxic substances such as ammonium, cyanide, phenols, and PAH. The goal was to develop a system that degraded toxic substances, and achieved full nitrification of ammonia. A 1 kW model wood gasifier plant delivered wash water for the experiments, which was standardised to a conductivity of 3 mS/cm by dilution. Toxicity was assessed by bacterial luminescence detection, germination test with cress (Lepidium sativum), and pot plants cultivated in a hydroponic setup irrigated continuously with the wastewater. Treatment experiments were done in both planted and unplanted trickling filters. Plant yield was similar to conventional hydroponic production systems. The trickling filters achieved complete detoxification of phenol, PAH and cyanide as well as full nitrification. The specific elimination rates were 100 g m(-3) Leca d(-1) for phenols and 90 g m(-3) Leca d(-1) for ammonium in planted systems. In unplanted trickling filters circulated for 63 h, phenol concentration decreased from 83.5 mg/L to 2.5 mg/L and cyanide concentration from 0.32 mg/L to 0.02 mg/L. PAH concentrations were reduced from 3,050 microg/L to 0.89 microg/L within 68 days. The assays demonstrated the feasibility of using the technique to construct a treatment system in a partially closed circulation for gasifier wash water. The principal advantage is to convert toxic effluents from biomass gasifiers into a non-toxic, nitrogen-rich fertiliser water, enabling subsequent use in plant production and thus income generation. However, the questions of long-term performance and possible accumulation of phenols and heavy metals in the produce still have to be studied.

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Uptake and Metabolism of Phenolic Compounds by the Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Removal of dimethylphenols and ammonium in laboratory‐scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands

Removal of dimethylphenols and ammonium in laboratory‐scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands

Metabolism of Chlorinated Phenols by Lemna gibba, Duckweed

Elimination of phenols, ammonia and cyanide in wash water from biomass gasification, and nitrogen recycling using planted trickling filters

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