Uptake and retention of dietary cadmium in mallard ducks

Heavy Metals, Resting Metabolism Rates and Breeding Parameters in Two Populations of Black-Headed GullLarus ridibundusfrom the Industrially Polluted Areas of Upper Silesia, Poland

“…Concentrations of cadmium in eggs of other species, such as tits, do not reflect its intake or body burdens in a female (White & Finley 1975, SawickaKapusta et al 1995. We demonstrated that the Black-headed Gull strongly reduced cadmium transfer to eggs, but its concentration exceeded at least 20 times that stated in the eggs of the Great Tit from polluted area in Southern Poland (SawickaKapusta et al 1995).…”

Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Owyhee and Vale Projects, Oregon and Idaho, 1990-91

“…The largest concentration of cadmium was 2.29 ng/g in water-boatman samples from the North Fork Malheur River below Beulah Reservoir. These concentrations were less than dietary levels shown to be toxic to adult or juvenile mallards in experimental feeding studies (Cain and others, 1983;White and Finley, 1978). Concentrations of cadmium in fish exceeded the 1980-81 NCBP 85th percentile concentration (0.24 ng/g dry weight) [Lowe and others, 1985] in 29 percent of the total fish samples taken from the study areas: 37 percent of Snake River samples, and 43 percent of Owyhee project area samples ( fig.…”

“…An ODEQ nonpoint-source water-quality-management study was done in Malheur County in 1978-80 (Malheur County, 1981. More than 47 stations were sampled for field water-quality measurements, major ions, nutrients, suspended solids, and bacteria.…”

“…These elements are discussed in detail in the proceeding sections. Other trace elements that are known for their toxicity to animals include cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc (Eisler, 1988b;Gasaway and Buss, 1972;White and Finley, 1978). These elements are discussed under the section "Other Elements."…”

“…Concentrations of cadmium in fish ranged from being slightly greater than and up to 4 times the 1980-81 NCBP 85th percentile concentration of 0.06 ng/g (table 25 back of report). Cadmium was not detected in waterbird eggs, and concentrations in bird livers were below levels believed to be toxic to birds (tables 26 and 27 at back of report) [Eisler, 1985a;White and Finley, 1978].…”