Uptake, depuration, and biotransformation of anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene in bluegill sunfish

Distribution, Transformation, and Long-Term Accumulation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Different Tissues of Fish and Piscivorous Birds

“…In aquatic animals, biotransformation of a chemical substance assimilated from an animal's environment has the e!ect of increasing the substance's net elimination rate and thus decreasing the equilibrium level of the substance in the organism (Meylan et al, 1999). Fish have the same complement of enzymes as do mammals, including those catalyzing phase I (oxidative, reductive, and hydrolytic) and phase II (conjugative) reactions, although activity is often lower than in birds (Spacie et al, 1983;De Wolf et al, 1992;De Bruijn et al, 1993;James, 1994). The metabolic capacities of di!erent tissues are not identical, so the bioaccumulation patterns of PCDD/F in "sh and bird are also di!erent.…”

The Gulf Oil Spill

“…Bioconcentration experiments performed with radiolabeled compounds may overestimate the BCFs of some PAHs. For example, Spacie et al (1983) estimated BCFs of 900 for anthracene and 4,900 for benzo[a]pyrene in bluegills (whole body) based on total radiolabeled carbon ( 14 C) activity. However, the estimated BCFs based only on the parent compounds were 675 and 490, respectively, indicating that biotransformation of the parent compounds occurred in addition to bioconcentration.…”

Bioaccumulation of phenanthrene and benzo[a]pyrene in Calanus finmarchicus

“…Many 20 authors have found a linear relationship between log K ow and log bioconcentration factor 21 (BCF) (Hawker and Connell, 1986;Mackay, 1982;Veith et al, 1979) indicating that 22 bioaccumulation is linked to hydrophobicity for a given PAH compound. However, several 23 studies also show that lower bioavailability and higher metabolism of the heavier compounds 24 may modify this linear relationship and the accumulation of the heavier compounds may be 25 lower than expected (Baussant et al, 2001b;Southworth et al, 1980;Spacie et al, 1983;van 26 Hattum et al, 1998). 27 28 Hence the resulting effect on an organism exposed to crude oil may vary depending on the 29 combination of an organism's ability to bioaccumulate, metabolize and excrete these 30 compounds.…”

“…27 28 Hence the resulting effect on an organism exposed to crude oil may vary depending on the 29 combination of an organism's ability to bioaccumulate, metabolize and excrete these 30 compounds. Vertebrates such as fish are generally able to metabolize and excrete PAHs 31 (Spacie et al, 1983), while metabolism are known to vary considerably among invertebrate 32 species (Livingstone, 1998 The copepod samples were taken by sieving the animals onto a metal sieve, followed by 83 rinsing in ammonium formate (CH 5 NO 2 , 24 g l -1 ) to remove salts and adhered compounds. 84…”