Uptake of Amino Acids by Marine Invertebrates1

Stephens, Grover C.; Schinske, Robert A.

doi:10.4319/lo.1961.6.2.0175

Cited by 182 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Hesionides arenana and the genus Trilobodnlus have a relatively thin cuticle penetrated by numerous microvilli (Westheide and Rieger, 1978;Rieger and Rieger, 1976). Dense cuticular layers, however, inhibit or impede nutrient transport in Crustacea and Chelicerata (Stephens and Schinske, 1961). Our few experiments conducted with the copepod Rhizothrix gracilis confirm this.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Uptake and Incorporation of Dissolved Amino Acids by Interstitial Turbellaria and Polychaeta and their Dependence on Temperature and Salinity

Tempel¹,

Westheide²

1980

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Interstitial meiofauna turbellarians (Haplogonaria syltensis, Nernatoplana coe1ogynoporoides) and polychaetes (Trilobodrilus axi, Hesionides arenaria) from surf-beaten sand beaches are able to absorb dissolved I4C-labelled glycine and aaminoisobutyric acid. In contrast, absorption by the copepod Rhizothrix gracilis is negligible. Uptake has been confirmed by autoradiographic studies, liquid scintillation counting of labelled and combusted animals, and by measurement of the incorporation of labelled glycine into proteins of the animals investigated. The nutritional profit of the absorbed glycine seems to be small: between 2 % and 8 % of the energy requirement of Hesionides arenaria. Nevertheless, the significance of the amino acids taken up by these soft-bodied species can be presumed because the uptake systems function optimally under conditions similar to those in the natural environment. Glycine uptake rates are hlghest at sallnities of 30 to 35 %o in H. syltensis, in N. coelogynoporoides and H. arenaria. In T. dui uptake rates are higher, beyond this range, a fact corresponding to the higher salinity resistance of this species. Glycine uptake 1s positively correlated with increasing temperature, attaining maxima at 20 O and 25 "C, respectively. In winter, total absorption rates are strikingly higher than in summer. This demonstrates season-specific capacity adaptation with almost ideal compensation in N. coelogynoporoides and supraoptimal compensation in T. axi, and corresponds to prevailing temperatures in the natural habitat.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Uptake and Incorporation of Dissolved Amino Acids by Interstitial Turbellaria and Polychaeta and their Dependence on Temperature and Salinity

Tempel¹,

Westheide²

1980

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The experimental treatments used were FSW, UV-irradi ated seawater (UVSW), UVSW enriched with 1 �M each of alanine, aspartic acid, glucose and glycine (Mixture), and UVSW enriched with 1 �M of Palmitic acid. Alanine, aspartic acid, glucose, glycine and PA were selected for DOM enrichment based on previous studies that found each of these compounds to be read ily transported by various animals (e.g., Stephens and Schinske 1961;Stephens 1962;Shick 1975;Ferguson 1980b;Manahan et al 1982;Manahan 1983;Jaeckle and Manahan 1989;Jaeckle 1994Jaeckle , 1995. The concen trations utilized were based on concentrations natu rally occurring in surface water (Benner 2003).…”

Section: Performance Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A seminal study conducted by Stephens and Schinske (1961) found via colorimetric observation that animals representing ten phyla removed signiWcant quantities of glycine from solution. Although this uptake occurred using glycine concentrations far exceeding those found naturally (approximately 2 mM), Stephens (1962) fur ther showed the appearance of radiolabeled glucose within the solitary coral Fungia scutaria in concentra tions as low as 5.5 �M.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Availability of dissolved organic matter offsets metabolic costs of a protracted larval period for Bugula neritina (Bryozoa)

Johnson

Wendt

2006

Mar Biol

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For nearly a century researchers have inves tigated the uptake and utilization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) by marine invertebrates, but its contribu tion to their growth, reproduction, and survival remains unclear. Here, the beneWt of DOM uptake was assessed for the marine bryozoan Bugula neritina (Linnaeus 1758) through performance comparisons of individuals in the presence and absence of DOM. The experiments were performed using B. neritina collected from Xoating docks in Beaufort, NC, USA from July to September 2004. Seawater was subjected to ultraviolet irradiation to reduce naturally occurring DOM, and then enriched with either 1 �M of palmitic acid or a mixture containing 1 �M each of glucose, alanine, aspartic acid and glycine. Larvae in DOM-enriched and DOM-reduced treat ments were sampled and induced to metamorphose fol lowing 1, 6, 12, and 24 h of continuous swimming at 25°C. Sampled larvae were assessed for initiation of metamorphosis, completion of metamorphosis, and ancestrular lophophore size to determine the extent to which energy acquired from DOM uptake could oVset the metabolic costs of prolonged larval swimming. DOM treatment had no signiWcant eVect on initiation of metamorphosis, but did have a signiWcant eVect on comple tion of metamorphosis and lophophore size. Larvae swimming in DOM-enriched treatments for 24 h experi enced a 20% increase in metamorphic completion rate, compared to larvae swimming for 24 h in the DOMreduced treatment. In addition, larvae in the amino acid and sugar mixture for 24 h had a signiWcantly larger lophophore surface area and volume (23 and 31%, respectively), compared to larvae in DOM-depleted sea water. To ensure that the increases in performance found in larvae with access to DOM were not due to a decrease in metabolic activity, the respiration rates for these larvae were compared to those of larvae in DOMdepleted seawater. There were no signiWcant diVerences between these treatments, indicating that the increases in performance were due to the energy acquired from DOM. These results clearly show that for B. neritina, DOM uptake results in increased metamorphic success and in the size of the feeding apparatus following an extended larval swimming duration.

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“…Stephens & Schinske 1961, Ferguson 1967, Davis & Stephens 1984, Manahan 1989. There is also a smaller body of literature that shows invertebrates can transport other classes of compounds such as sugars (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct measurements of sugar uptake from seawater into molluscan larvae

Welborn¹,

Manahan²

1990

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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A method for the direct measurement of picomole amounts of mono-, di-, and trisaccharides in seawater was developed by combining high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with amperometric detection. This new method is described and then applied to the study of sugar uptake from seawater into veliger larvae of a bivalve (Crassostrea gigas) and a gastropod (Haliotis rufescens). Bivalve veligers take up glucose, maltose, cellobiose, and cellotriose but not L-rhamnose, isomaltose, maltotriose, or isomaltotriose. Similarly, gastropod veligers take up glucose and maltose, but not L-rhamnose or maltotriose. Glucose and maltose are transported into the bivalve veligers by separate pathways and the influx of "C-labeled glucose is a good measure of the net flux (measured by HPLC) The uptake of complex sugars, in addition to monosacchai-ides, permits inolluscan larvae to utilize a greater part of the dissolved organic material in the sea as a source of nutrition

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Uptake of Amino Acids by Marine Invertebrates1

Cited by 182 publications

References 9 publications

Uptake and Incorporation of Dissolved Amino Acids by Interstitial Turbellaria and Polychaeta and their Dependence on Temperature and Salinity

Uptake and Incorporation of Dissolved Amino Acids by Interstitial Turbellaria and Polychaeta and their Dependence on Temperature and Salinity

Availability of dissolved organic matter offsets metabolic costs of a protracted larval period for Bugula neritina (Bryozoa)

Direct measurements of sugar uptake from seawater into molluscan larvae

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