Uptake of cervical cancer screening and associated factors among HIV positive women attending adult art clinic at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022

Abstract

Background Cervical cancer is the second most common malignancy in Ethiopia and first in some African countries. It is six times more likely to occur in positive cases of the human immunodeficiency virus than in the general population. If diagnosed and treated early enough, cervical cancer is both treatable and preventable. However, among Ethiopian women who test positive for HIV, the uptake of cervical cancer screening is low. Its determinant factors were not well studied in the study area. Hence, this study was aimed at filling this information gap. Objective To assess uptake of cervical cancer screening services and associated factors among HIV-positive women attending an adult antiretroviral treatment clinic at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, June 1–30, 2022. Methods A cross-sectional investigation was carried out in a hospital. 407 participants in all were chosen using the systematic sampling technique. A pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data from respondents. The data were entered into Epi data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed. Adjusted odds ratio with its 95% confidence interval and p value < 0.05 were used to estimate the strength and significance of the association. Result Among a total of 407 respondents, 238 (58.5%), 95% CI (53.5–63.3), HIV-positive women were screened at least once in the last five years. In multivariable analysis, age > 45 years old (AOR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.053–0.644), number of children (3 children) (AOR = 0.19, 95% CI:0.036-0.979), perception of being susceptible to cervical cancer (AOR = 6.39, 95% CI: 1.79–22.74), knowledge of cervical cancer and its screening (AOR = 19.34, 95% CI: 7.87–47.75), and positive attitude towards cervical cancer screening (AOR = 8.06, 95% CI:3.62–17.91) were significantly associated factors with the uptake of cervical cancer screening. Conclusion and recommendation in this study, Age > 45 years, having less than three children, feeling susceptible, knowing about cervical cancer and screening, and having a positive attitude toward cervical cancer screening were significant factor of uptake of cervical cancer screening service. There is a need to strengthen the policy and health education on safe sexual practices and healthy lifestyles through information dissemination and communication to scale up screening service utilization.