Uptake of foliar or soil application of <sup>15</sup>N-labelled urea solution at anthesis and its affect on wheat grain yield and protein

Rawluk, C. D. L.; Racz, G. J.; Grant, C. A.

doi:10.4141/p99-098

Cited by 38 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A positive relationship between N, provided by foliar fertilization at anthesis, and the bread-making quality of flour has been observed Tea et al, 2004). In greenhouse experiments, the recovery of 15 N-labeled N in wheat grain is generally higher for soil applications than foliar ones, although conflicting results have been observed on their capacity to increase the final GPC (Alkier et al, 1972;Rawluk et al, 2000). However, Gooding et al (2007) reported a higher recovery of N in grains in field experiments, after urea foliar application, compared to soil fertilization with ammonium nitrate.…”

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Late‐Season Nitrogen Increases Improver Common and Durum Wheat Quality

2015

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ABSTRACTe foliar N application at a low rate is a strategy that could be applied by farmers in substitution to the traditional late soil application when there are restrictions on N distribution. e aim of this study was to compare the e ect of late-season N fertilization strategies on wheat (Triticum spp.) quality. Field experiments were set up in two di erent soils, in Northwest Italy. e e ect of N fertilization was evaluated on two common (T. aestivum L.) and two durum wheat (T. turgidum L. var. durum Desf.) cultivars. Late-season N was soil-applied (40 kg N ha -1 ) as ammonium nitrate at heading, or foliar sprayed (5 kg N ha -1 ) at owering, and compared with a control without N fertilization a er the vegetative growth stage. Nitrogen soil application increased grain protein content (GPC) (+15%) for both crops. is fertilization strategy led also to higher test weight (+1.4%), kernel hardness (+14%), dough strength (W) (+42%), and lower tenacity/extensibility ratio P/L (-18%) in the common wheat, and to a lower yellowberry percentage in the durum wheat (-29%). e strategy to apply a foliar N fertilizer at anthesis at a lower rate, although it has a greater cost e ectiveness, led to a less e ective bread-or pasta-making quality enhancement, with an average increase of GPC and W only in the silt loam soil by 5 and 18%, respectively. is strategy could lead to more successful increase of GPC in soils with a probable lower nitrate leaching during the vegetative stages.

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Late‐Season Nitrogen Increases Improver Common and Durum Wheat Quality

2015

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“…Application of post-emergence N has been successfully implemented on irrigated crops to manipulate grain protein content and, in some instances, grain yield (Hucklesby et al 1971;Goos et al 1982;Gravelle et al 1988;Stark and Tindall 1992;Tindall et al 1995). Under dryland conditions, post-emergence N applications have been primarily used in an attempt to influence grain protein (Grant and Flaten 1998;Rawluk et al 2000). The concentration of protein in wheat grain is influenced by the supply of nitrogen in the soil (Alkier et al 1972;Campbell et al 1977;Dubetz 1977;Campbell et al 1996;Selles and Zentner 1998) and its interaction with moisture and temperature (Partridge and Shaykewich 1972;Clarke et al 1990;Campbell et al 1997;Selles and Zetner 1998), cultivar (Fowler et al 1990;Gauer et al 1992) and timing of nitrogen application (Grant and Flaten 1998).…”

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Effect of post-emergence nitrogen application on the yield and protein content of wheat

Karamanos¹,

Flore²,

Harapiak³

2005

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Karamanos, R. E., Flore N. A. and Harapiak, J. T. 2005. Effect of post-emergence nitrogen application on the yield and protein content of wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 85: 327-342. Post-emergence application of N with wheat is contemplated as a practice for managing risk and reducing fertilizer N costs. An attempt was made to develop a comprehensive agronomic package relating to the practice of post-emergence applications by examining aspects relating to the rates of N, timing of post-emergence applications and products that might be used for that purpose. An extensive database of 49 trials conducted between 1995 and 1998 separated in five experimental plans was utilized to address the above issues. Nitrogen rates of up to 100 kg N ha -1 were employed as soil applied at seeding by side banding (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg N ha -1 ) plus topdressed (0, 20 and 40 kg ha -1 ) as post-emergence applications between Feekes growth stages 10.4 and 10.5. The effect of timing was explored in three different experimental designs that included rates up to 100 kg ha -1 applied at seeding or split, so that a post-emergence application of 20 kg N ha -1 was applied at Feekes growth stages 10 and 10.5, or up to 60 kg N ha -1 , applied either all at seeding time or 20 or 40 kg N ha -1 at seeding time accompanied by 20 or 40 kg N ha -1 in a post-emergence application at Feekes growth stages 3-4, 6, 10.5 or 11. A number of products (ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, urea, urea ammonium nitrate, Pro N and N serve) were also evaluated for their effectiveness in post-emergence applications. Two distinct trends emerged from all experiments depending on whether application of N at seeding corrected an N deficiency. If N deficiency was corrected by the application rate at seeding then the post-emergence N application increased grain protein concentrations; however, this practice was shown to result in no economic advantage. If N deficiency was not corrected by the N application at seeding, post-emergence applications at late growth stages increased grain protein of wheat at the expense of grain yield. This increase was greater in soils containing soil organic matter (SOM) concentrations less than 5% than those over 5%. Increases in grain protein ranged from 0.7 to 1.5% depending on initial fertilization regime, but they were not sufficient in any of the circumstances to economically compensate for the loss in grain yield caused by insufficient application of N at seeding. The performance of a number of products used for post-emergence application on the protein of hard red spring wheat was mixed with none proving to be consistently superior. Post-emergence application of N to enhance either the grain yield or protein of hard red spring wheat could be effective under high moisture or irrigated conditions; however, this practice represents a relatively high-risk practice under dryland conditions in the western Canadian prairies.Key words: Economics, growth stage, N rates, N products, timing Karamanos, R. E., Flore, N. A. et Harapiak, J. T. 2005. I...

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“…Using a 15 N-labeling technique can help determine the recovery of foliar-applied N in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Powlson et al 1989;Smith et al 1991;Rawluk et al 2002). Powlson et al (1989) reported that the recovery could be up to 70% through foliar application of N at anthesis in the aboveground parts including 64% in grains, whereas Rawluk et al (2000) recently reported that the recovery of foliar-applied N in wheat grain was much lower (5.5 to 26.7%) than that of soil-applied N (32.3 to 70.1%), and grain yield and protein were also higher for soil-applied than for foliar-applied N. Similarly, Readman et al (2002) observed a lower recovery of foliar-applied N than in the soil-applied treatment. Smith et al (1991) observed that grain N concentration increased with foliar N application and a greater increase in grain protein occurred when the application was close to flowering.…”

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Effect of in-season application methods of fertilizer nitrogen on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in maize

L.¹,

Li²,

Dwyer³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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of in-season application methods of fertilizer nitrogen on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in maize. Can J. Soil Sci. 84: 169-176. Little information is available comparing agronomic performance and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for N application methods such as foliar spray, soil application, and ear injection in maize (Zea mays L.). The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of various N application methods on total stover dry matter, grain yield, and NUE of maize hybrids using a 15 N-labeling approach. A field experiment was conducted on a Dalhousie clay loam in Ottawa and a Guelph loam in Guelph for 2 yr (1999 and 2000). Three N application methods were tested on two maize hybrids, Pioneer 3893 and Pioneer 38P06 Bt. At planting, 60 kg N ha -1 as ammonium nitrate was applied to all treatments. In addition, 6.5 kg N ha -1 and 13.5 kg N ha -1 as 15 N-labeled urea were applied to either foliage (Treatment I) or soil (Treatment II) at V6 and V12 stages, respectively. In Treatment III, 20 kg N ha -1 as 15 N-labeled urea was injected into space between ear and husks at silking. The results showed that compared with soil N application neither foliar spray nor injection through ear affected grain yield or stover dry matter. The NUE values ranged from 12 to 76% for N fertilizer applied at V6 and V12 stages, or at silking for all treatments. There was no interaction of hybrid × N application methods on any variables measured with the only exception that for soil N application, grain NUE in Pioneer 38P06 Bt was significant higher than in Pioneer 3893. The difference in total N and NUE of grain and stover between soil N application and foliar N spray was inconsistent. However, NUE was substantially higher for N injection through the ear than for foliar or soil application without differential responses between the two hybrids. Nitrogen injection through the ear at silking might have altered N redistribution within the plant and improved NUE. Hence, it can potentially enhance grain protein content. Foliar N spray is not advocated for maize production in Ontario. Néanmoins, l'injection d'engrais dans l'épi aboutit à un degré d'assimilation du N sensiblement plus élevé que les applications foliaires ou l'épandage au sol, sans que la réaction des deux hybrides varie. Il se pourrait que l'injection d'azote dans l'épi à la floraison modifie la redistribution du N dans la plante et améliore l'assimilation. Par conséquent, cette méthode pourrait accroître la teneur du grain en protéines. On ne préconise pas les applications foliaires de N pour la culture du maïs en Ontario.

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Uptake of foliar or soil application of ¹⁵N-labelled urea solution at anthesis and its affect on wheat grain yield and protein

Cited by 38 publications

References 9 publications

Late‐Season Nitrogen Increases Improver Common and Durum Wheat Quality

Late‐Season Nitrogen Increases Improver Common and Durum Wheat Quality

Effect of post-emergence nitrogen application on the yield and protein content of wheat

Effect of in-season application methods of fertilizer nitrogen on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in maize

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Uptake of foliar or soil application of 15N-labelled urea solution at anthesis and its affect on wheat grain yield and protein

Cited by 38 publications

References 9 publications

Late‐Season Nitrogen Increases Improver Common and Durum Wheat Quality

Late‐Season Nitrogen Increases Improver Common and Durum Wheat Quality

Effect of post-emergence nitrogen application on the yield and protein content of wheat

Effect of in-season application methods of fertilizer nitrogen on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in maize

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Uptake of foliar or soil application of ¹⁵N-labelled urea solution at anthesis and its affect on wheat grain yield and protein