Uptake of HIV testing among women of reproductive age in Tajikistan: An assessment of individual determinants

Kasymova, Salima

doi:10.5195/cajgh.2020.370

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Healthcare in Belize tends to be centralized in urban areas; therefore, people from rural areas must travel long distances to access healthcare. Similar findings were noted for Ethiopia [ 29 ], Ghana [ 30 ], and Tajikistan [ 10 ]. The Government of Belize has initiated the building of health posts and satellite clinics in the rural areas; however, owing to poor road conditions and financial constraints, accessing health services in rural area still poses a significant burden [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Understanding the factors that contribute to the low rate of HIV testing in women of reproductive age is essential. These factors, if addressed, can contribute to an increase in HIV testing uptake in women of reproductive age [ 10 ]. Testing for HIV is crucial in curbing the epidemic and reaching the UNAIDS goal of 95% of PLHIV being tested and made aware of their HIV status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many factors influence the uptake of HIV testing among women, such as age; residence; marital status; education; HIV knowledge; pregnancy history; and physical, social, economic, and political factors. Improving of HIV awareness and HIV education has positively impacted women of all ages [10][11][12]. Several studies have outlined barriers to HIV testing, such as the belief that one was not at risk of contracting HIV, proximity to home, inconvenience of testing, multiple partnerships, and negative attitudes towards HIV [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends and factors associated with HIV testing among women aged 15–49 years in Belize: an analysis using the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2006, 2011, and 2015–2016

Leonardo

Chien

2023

BMC Women's Health

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Background Belize has one of the highest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome prevalence rates in Central America, with women of reproductive age being particularly vulnerable to HIV. Therefore, this study examined the factors associated with HIV testing among women of reproductive age in Belize and trends in HIV testing in 2006, 2011, and 2015–2016. Methods Cross-sectional data were analyzed using three Belize Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys. The number of participants were 1,675, 4,096, and 4,699 women aged 15–49 years in 2006, 2011, and 2015–2016, respectively. We used variance-weighted least-squares regression to estimate annual changes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the associated factors. Analyses were conducted using Stata version 15, and weights were applied for generalization to the population. Results HIV testing rates increased from 47.7% in 2006 to 66.5% in 2015, with an average annual change of 0.082 (95% confidence interval: 0.07–0.09). Logistic regression models showed that women aged 15–24 years were less likely to have been tested for HIV compared to women aged 25–34 years. Women from the Mayan ethnic group were less likely to have been tested than those from other ethnic groups. Compared to women who spoke Spanish, those who spoke English/Creole were more likely to have been tested for HIV; additionally, those who spoke minority languages were less likely to have been tested. Being married and having given birth were associated with increased odds of HIV testing. Living in rural areas and households with the poorest wealth indices were associated with decreased odds of being tested for HIV. Women with good HIV knowledge and accepting attitudes towards people living with HIV were more likely to be tested. Conclusions From 2006 to 2015, HIV testing in women of reproductive age showed an increasing trend in Belize. We recommend interventions to expand HIV testing for women of reproductive age in Belize, particularly those aged 15–24 years, speaking minority languages, living in rural areas, and having a low socioeconomic status.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends and factors associated with HIV testing among women aged 15–49 years in Belize: an analysis using the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2006, 2011, and 2015–2016

Leonardo

Chien

2023

BMC Women's Health

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“…This study is in line with a study conducted in Malawi, which revealed that age was a factor associated with HIV testing, as participants who were aged 20 years or older were more likely to have had HIV testing compared to adolescent participants (21). Another study conducted in Tajikistan proved that age is a determining factor in terms of HIV testing in women, as women aged 15 to 24 years of age had an HIV testing prevalence of 26%, while those who ranged from 25 to 34 years had a prevalence of 43% (22). The low prevalence of HIV testing among women aged 15 to 17 years in this study may be caused by several factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of HIV Testing and Associated Factors Among Young Women in South Africa: An Analysis of 2016 South Africa Demographic and Health Survey data

Shongwe,

Philip,

Kaburu

2024

Int J Health Sci Res

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Background: HIV is a significant public health issue around the world. HIV testing is critical for controlling and preventing the spread of the virus, as well as improving the lives of HIV-positive people. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of HIV testing and factors associated with HIV testing among young women in South Africa. Method: Secondary data analysis was performed using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) program drawn from the South Africa Demographic and Health Survey (SDHS) 2016. A total of 3422 young women (15 to 26 years) from South Africa were included in this study. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to test the magnitude of association between the outcome variable (HIV testing) and independent variables. Data extraction and cleaning were done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, IBM version 26). All data analysis was done using the complex sample analysis procedure of SPSS. Result: The findings from this study demonstrate that 72.1% of young women from South Africa had ever been tested for HIV. The results show that age, place of residence, region, educational level, occupation, ethnicity, age at first sex, condom use, and number of sex partners were associated with ever being tested among young women in South Africa. Women aged 24 to 26 years (AOR=3.11, 95% CI=1.15-5.71), those who were urban dwellers (AOR=1.51, 95% CI=1.02-2.23), those who had secondary education (AOR=1.70, 95% CI=0.75-5.87), who were from Gauteng province (AOR=1.72, 95% CI=0.56-3.0), those who were literate (AOR=4.67, 95% CI=2.51-3.65), age at first sex at 15 to 17 years (AOR=4.81, 95% CI=2.41-6.09), those who have had three or more total lifetime number of sex partners (AOR=2.3, 95% CI=1.08-3.78) showed significantly higher odds of being tested for HIV than their counterparts. Conclusion: The study concludes that a high number of young women in South Africa are more likely to get tested for HIV, but they also practice high-risk sexual behaviours. The findings from this study suggest the need for comprehensive health education about the dangers of high-risk sexual behaviour among young South African women. The government of South Africa must also intensify efforts to improve health education for young women in rural areas. Improving rural women's access to HIV testing could help increase the use of HIV testing services in rural areas. Key words: HIV testing, Sexual behaviour, Women, South Africa, Prevalence

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“…There are age disparities with lower uptake of HIV testing among university students and young people due to limited education on HIV and community engagement [19,20]. There are gender disparities in HIV testing and receipt of results, HIV stigma, HIV knowledge, and treatment outcomes which differ among men and women [21][22][23][24][25][26]. There are urban and rural disparities in which those who have access to and regularly utilize primary health care services are more likely to be detected and treated for HIV [27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Health Divides: Understanding Inequities in Late Diagnosis of HIV in Tajikistan

Alaei,

Kwan,

Torabzadeh

et al. 2024

Preprint

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HIV early detection (CD4 counts ≥350 cells/μL) is correlated with higher life expectancy among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Several factors including physical, cultural, structural, and financial barriers have contributed to HIV late detection. This is the first-of-its-kind study on the regional differences in early detection of HIV within Tajikistan and any country in the Central Asia region. Utilizing Tajikistan Ministry of Health's national HIV data (N=10,700) spanning 2010 to 2023, we developed median regression models with median CD4 cell count as the outcome and as predictors: time (years), region, age, gender, and area (urban/rural status). Individuals younger than 19 years old are more likely to be detected early for HIV, whereas those older than 39 years are more prone to late detection. Given their active engagement in age-related and sexual activities, those older than 39 years face a higher risk of HIV transmission to others if diagnosed late. Therefore, they require further attention and targeted interventions. Females are detected earlier compared to their male counterparts, regardless of region of residence. Rural populations are detected earlier in most years compared to their urban counterparts. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated HIV early detection in 2021 but most regions have returned to near pre-pandemic levels of detection in 2022 and 2023. These fluctuations in early detection may signify a shift in attention and resource allocation, potentially affecting efforts to address access gaps during the initial year of the COVID-19 pandemic. There are significant health inequities among different demographic and geographic groups which warrant further attention.

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Uptake of HIV testing among women of reproductive age in Tajikistan: An assessment of individual determinants

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Trends and factors associated with HIV testing among women aged 15–49 years in Belize: an analysis using the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2006, 2011, and 2015–2016

Trends and factors associated with HIV testing among women aged 15–49 years in Belize: an analysis using the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2006, 2011, and 2015–2016

The Prevalence of HIV Testing and Associated Factors Among Young Women in South Africa: An Analysis of 2016 South Africa Demographic and Health Survey data

Regional Health Divides: Understanding Inequities in Late Diagnosis of HIV in Tajikistan

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