It has been predicted that climate change will lead to increased temperature and precipitation in northern latitudes, which in turn may lead to brownification of coastal sea areas. This will increase the importance of the heterotrophic microbial food web in areas like the northern Baltic Sea. Such a structural change in the pelagic food web would hamper benthic productivity, since microheterotrophs have lower settling rates than phytoplankton. We tested how variation in temperature and alteration of the pelagic food web structure affected the productivity of a key benthic species, the amphipod Monoporeia affinis, and the pelagic-benthic food web efficiency (FWE). Using water from the northern Baltic Sea, a mesocosm experiment was performed in which the temperature was altered by 5°C. The structure of the pelagic food web changed from one based on algae to one based on bacteria. Amphipod productivity was 3 times higher and FWE was 25 times higher in the algae than in the bacteria-based food web, showing that an altered pelagic food web will have severe effects on benthic productivity. Temperature variation, on the other hand, did not cause any changes in either growth of M. affinis or FWE. Our data indicate that indirect effects of climate change, leading to structural changes in the pelagic food web, will have much more severe effects on benthic productivity than the direct effect of increased temperature.KEY WORDS: Climate change · Altered pelagic food web structure · Decreased benthic productivity · Pelagic-benthic coupling · Monoporeia affinis
Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 396: [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] 2009 Monoporeia affinis is a deposit feeder, which preferably feeds on fresh, newly settled phytoplankton (Aljetlawi et al. 2000). Between periods of phytoplankton blooms, the amphipods can survive without food, or subsist on low quality food, by using energy stored as lipids. This strategy is facilitated by low temperatures in their soft-bottom habitat (Lehtonen 1994). Their main period of growth is in the spring after the phytoplankton bloom (Cederwall 1977, Lehtonen & Andersin 1998. The effects of seasonal sedimentation patterns on growth and population dynamics of benthic organisms demonstrate the importance of the pelagic-benthic coupling (Karlson et al. 2007).Basal pelagic production (phytoplankton primary production + bacterial production) in the Gulf of Bothnia varies along a north-south gradient from ~30 to 65 g C m -2 yr -1 (Samuelsson et al. 2006). In the Bothnian Bay (extreme north), about 50% of the basal production is contributed by bacteria and 50% by phytoplankton. In the Bothnian Sea (south), 75% of the production is contributed by phytoplankton and 25% by bacteria. The reason for relatively high bacterial production in the north is a combination of low nutrient availability and a high inflow of allochthonous organic C (Sandberg et al. 2004). This causes an uncoupling of the bacterial and ...