Uptake rates of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) for PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs in water and sediment

Predicting bioavailability of PAHs in field-contaminated soils by passive sampling with triolein embedded cellulose acetate membranes

“…C 18 sampling bags (Awata et al, 2000;Zhang et al, 2006) or disks (Krauss and Wilcke, 2001) have been reported to sample the bioavailable fraction of HOCs in soils, but since the volume of the bag or disk and the corresponding volume of the hydrophobic C 18 -material are much larger than that of SPMD or SPME fiber, a much higher water content than field soil water-holding capacity is required to avoid depletion. The triolein-containing SPMDs developed by Huckins et al (1990) are widely used to sample HOCs in water (Petty et al, 2000), air (Sö derströ m et al, 2005) and sediments (Rantalainen et al, 2000). However, their application in terrestrial environments (especially in field-contaminated soils) is relatively new and very limited applications of SPMDs have been reported for sampling or monitoring HOCs in soils (Zabic et al, 1992;Rantalainen et al, 1998;Ahn et al, 2005).…”

Biomimetic accumulation of PAHs from soils by triolein-embedded cellulose acetate membranes (TECAMs) to estimate their bioavailability

“…The triolein-containing SPMDs developed by Huckins et al (1990) are commonly used for sampling HOCs in water (Huckins et al, 1999), air (Sö derströ m et al, 2005) and sediments (Rantalainen et al, 2000). SPMDs have attracted great interest as potential biological surrogates to evaluate the availability of chemicals to organisms and have been successfully applied to estimate bioavailability of HOCs to aquatic organisms (e.g.…”

Estimation of the Uptake Rate Constants for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Accumulated by Semipermeable Membrane Devices and Triolein-Embedded Cellulose Acetate Membranes

“…The triolein-containing semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) made of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and triolein, developed by Huckins et al (2), is the most popular passive sampling configuration for aquatic environments. Although SPMDs have been successfully used in a variety of field studies (5)(6)(7)(8), the method suffers from the disadvantages of longer time (even over a year) required for equilibrating with strongly hydrophobic contaminants that may also result in the surficial biofouling of the sampler (9). Therefore, for an effective and efficient use of PSDs to monitor environmental contaminants, new methods should be developed to overcome these disadvantages.…”