Uptake, translocation, and subcellular distribution of three triazole pesticides in rice

Abstract

Triazole pesticide is a widely-used pesticide for the control of pathogenic fungi in crops and its extensive use has caused food safety issues due to its uptake byedible crops. The residue of triazole pesticides has caused many toxicity risks and food safety problems. In this study, the uptake, translocation, and subcellular distribution of three triazole pesticides (triadimefon, tebuconazole, and epoxiconazole) in rice were investigated. The results showed that the three selected triazole pesticides could be taken up by rice roots, but their distribution in plant tissues was different. The accumulation of the three pesticides in rice root followed the order of epoxiconazole > tebuconazole > triadimefon, while a reversed order was observed in rice shoots. The movement of triazole pesticides within rice tissues involved both symplast and apoplast pathways, with triadimefon preferentially through the symplast pathway and epoxiconazole throughby the symplast pathway. The subcellular distribution reveals that all pesticides have a higher proportion in cell walls than in cell organelles and soluble components. Epoxiconazole has the highest accumulated capacity in the cell wall (45%-67%) and triadimefon was more concentrated in the soluble components (24%-29%). However, there exists no signi cant difference in the amount of three pesticides in cell organelles. The pesticide uptake, the movement of pesticides in symplast and apoplast, and the subcellular distribution of the three pesticides are related to the hydrophobicity of the three pesticides.

Online field measurements of Chlorothalonil show that volatilization is key to pesticide exposure

“…This hypothesis has been contradicted by some experiments showing polar pesticides mobility inside the plant 49 . This feature has also been observed for triazoles, having similar polarity as Chlorothalonil (similar to Kow) 50 . We can therefore not exclude that part of the Chlorothalonil in the leaves could have been volatilized either through the stomata or the cuticles.…”

Nontarget Discovery of Antimicrobial Transformation Products in Wastewater Based on Molecular Networks

“…These antimicrobial structures were classified into 23 classes, with benzene and benzene-substituted derivatives accounting for the highest percentage, indicating that benzene is the building block for most antimicrobials in the molecular network (Figure B). In addition, 41 dominant substructures were identified, which were mainly from antibacterial drugs, such as SAs, quinolones, macrolides, lincomycin, and antifungals such as triazoles, aminopyrimidines, benzimidazoles, and other antimicrobial active substances, such as isoflavones and terpenes. Among these 41 dominant characteristic structures, the highest percentage of aminobenzenesulfonamides was attributed to the high abundance of SAs in wastewater, for which aminobenzenesulfonamides are the major skeletal structure .…”

Construction and Application of Nanozyme Sensor Arrays

“…A wide range of pesticides are commonly utilized in agriculture for their role in regulating growth and controlling pests, such as carbamates, sulfonamides, organophosphorus, organochlorine, triazoles, phenoxycarboxylic acids, etc. − Residues from incompletely degraded pesticides present a serious threat to the safety of food . On the basis of previous work, Song et al prepared ASP–Cu nanozymes through coordinating Cu 2+ and l -aspartic acid (ASP).…”