Uptake, Translocation, and Subcellular Distribution of Azoxystrobin in Wheat Plant (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

The uptake mechanism, translocation, and subcellular distribution of azoxystrobin (5 mg kg–1) in wheat plants was investigated under laboratory conditions. The wheat–water system reached equilibrium after 96 h. Azoxystrobin concentrations in roots were much higher than those in stems and leaves under different exposure times. Azoxystrobin uptake by roots was highly linear at different exposure concentrations, while the bioconcentration factors and translocation factors were independent of the exposed concentration at the equilibrium state. Dead roots adsorbed a larger amount of azoxystrobin than fresh roots, which was measured at different concentrations. Azoxystrobin preferentially accumulated in organelles, and the highest distribution proportion was detected in the soluble cell fractions. This study elucidated that the passive transport and apoplastic pathway dominated the uptake of azoxystrobin by wheat roots. Azoxystrobin primarily accumulated in roots and could be acropetally translocated, but its translocation capacity from roots to stems was limited. Additionally, the uptake and distribution of azoxystrobin by wheat plants could be predicted well by a partition-limited model.

Root Uptake of Imidacloprid and Propiconazole Is Affected by Root Composition and Soil Characteristics

“…Similarly, the RCFs of propiconazole were stable after 72 h with average values of 16.5, 10.5, 30.1, 15.0, and 4.4 for pepper, tomato, cucumber, maize, and wheat, respectively. The stable RCFs indicated that the uptake of imidacloprid and propiconazole by different crop roots had reached an equilibrium state …”

“…The root sorption experiment was conducted with different initial concentrations (1,5,10,15, or 20 mg L −1 for both pesticides) to determine the main uptake pathway of imidacloprid and propiconazole by wheat roots. The experiment used the method proposed by Ju et al 32 given in Supporting Information.…”

“…The stable RCFs indicated that the uptake of imidacloprid and propiconazole by different crop roots had reached an equilibrium state. 32 Factors Affecting Root Uptake and Bioconcentration of Imidacloprid and Propiconazole by Different Crops. The results of correlation analysis for root uptake concentration and RCF of imidacloprid with root composition and transpiration rate are shown in Table 2.…”

Photostable 1-Trifluoromethyl Cinnamyl Alcohol Derivatives Designed as Potential Fungicides and Bactericides

“…Among them, the systemic translocation of the fungicide determines whether the fungicide can be quickly absorbed by plants and translocated to various tissues. 10,11 Therefore, absorption and translocation capacities are crucial factors for the antifungal effects of fungicides in vivo. 12−14 At present, there are a few fungicides with bidirectional translocation in plants, such as aluminum triethyl phosphate, penflufen, and fenfuram.…”

“…Plant pathogens infect crops and grains, which seriously threaten their yield. − The application of fungicides effectively controls the occurrence and prevalence of plant pathogens. , According to European Union (EU) statistics, the sales of synthetic fungicides account for more than 40% of the total sales of all pesticides and organic fungicides account for 60% of all fungicides. , However, the pesticide resistance and environmental problems caused by the abuse of pesticides are pushing researchers to develop new agrochemicals with novel structures and modes of action. , Excellent types of fungicides must have high antifungal activity, good systemic properties, and low drug resistance. Among them, the systemic translocation of the fungicide determines whether the fungicide can be quickly absorbed by plants and translocated to various tissues. , Therefore, absorption and translocation capacities are crucial factors for the antifungal effects of fungicides in vivo . − At present, there are a few fungicides with bidirectional translocation in plants, such as aluminum triethyl phosphate, penflufen, and fenfuram…”