Upward turbulent fire spread and burning of fuel surface

Upward Turbulent Flame Spread

“…(4). Results from Orloff et al 3, from Kishitani et al 13 and fromPthe present study are shown in Fig. 2.…”

“…(2), we need an expression for xf -x p to obtain v p' By definition (3) where x 0 is the value of x p at an initial time t=O, and t p is the dummy variable of inte~ration. Flame-height correlations are required for obtaining xf' We allow for a pilot flame at the base of the wall releasing energy at the rate Q' per unit (4) where K and n are constants.…”

“…Here we are interested in thermally thick fuels that also are so thick that they are not completely consumed during the spread process, and we study planar two-dimensional upward spread at scales large enou~h for the flow to be turbulent. The systematic measurements of Kishitani et al 3 were performed on polymethylmethacrylate and chipped-wood samples 25 cm high, a size corresponding approximately to conditions for onset of turbulence. The only earlier experiments on two-dimensional spread that lie well within the regime of turbulent flow are those of Orloff et al 3, who employed polymethylmethacrylate slabs 356 cm high.…”

A Scientific Approach To Flame Radiation And Material Flammability

“…During the 1970's careful experimental measurements (27) of burning solid fuels revealed that radiative heat transfer from flames generally dominates convective heat transfer for flames larger than -say -0.20 meters.…”

An assessment of correlations between laboratory and full-scale experiments for the FAA Aircraft Fire Safety Program, Part 2 :

“…Mass conservation m = m + m ( 8 ) Fuel specie conservation Y m -m -- (9) where m is the gaseous fuel production rate and m^is the burning rate. where h(T) = Y^hj(T) + Yphp(T) + q is the net heat transfer rate to the solid fuel, and e is the rate of heat transfer lost to the apparatus walls, w By utilizing the enthalpy relationships (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7) and solving for the specie concentrations at the exit in Eqns.…”