Upwelling UV spectral irradiances and surface albedo measurements at Lauder, New Zealand

McKenzie, R. L.; Kotkamp, Michael; Ireland, W.

doi:10.1029/96gl01668

Cited by 68 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Albedo also varies according to wavelength 14 which is important to biological processes that are wavelength specific. Albedo of metal surfaces has been investigated 13,15 on a horizontal plane. McKenzie et al 13 found an albedo of 0.18 for shiny corrugated iron, but Lester and Parisi 15 carried out a more extensive investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Albedo of metal surfaces has been investigated 13,15 on a horizontal plane. McKenzie et al 13 found an albedo of 0.18 for shiny corrugated iron, but Lester and Parisi 15 carried out a more extensive investigation. The surfaces in this study consisted of metallic roof sheeting in both galvanised (zinc coated stainless steel) and colour coated stainless steel sheets with albedo measurements ranging from 0.25 to 0.32 depending on wavelength for the galvanised sheeting and 0.03 to 0.12 depending on wavelength and colour for the colour sheeting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring the influence of UV reflection from vertical metal surfaces on humans

Turner

Parisi

2009

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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Erythemal UV exposure for individuals involved in outside activities are affected according to surrounding structures in an urban environment. Occupational UV exposure is likely to increase by the effects of surrounding structures. UV reflections from surrounding structures, in this case vertical metal walls, were investigated for their influence on erythemal UV exposure in the southern hemisphere. Multiple dosimeters were placed at specific features on head forms, for three different vertical wall conditions, measured at hourly intervals, providing a more detailed representation of the effect of nearby (north facing) reflective wall, non-reflective wall and no wall on UV exposure for a construction worker facing the wall direction. Two types of metal sheeting walls were investigated, with the first type (shiny and smooth in appearance) showing results that indicate the UV reflectance from this surface can increase the average erythemal UV exposure by at least 20% and up to an average of 50% for certain facial positions, compared to no wall and up to 300% compared to a non reflective wall. A second metal sheeting type coated with colour, does not show as much influence on UV exposure for larger solar zenith angles compared to the first type of metal sheeting, but for smaller solar zenith angles provides an influence that approaches similar erythemal UV exposure to that when no wall is present. The time to reach the exposure limits defined by regulatory bodies for occupational UV exposure can be decreased if the first type of metal sheeting is in proximity to an outdoor worker. The experimental method of this study leads to discussion of how metal surfaces used in the construction industry physically reflect UV radiation. The conclusion is that albedo, which is traditionally used to measure UV reflection, is not an appropriate quantity to explore UV reflection from vertical metal surfaces. This may be due to the reason that metal surfaces seem to involve specular reflection as well as diffuse reflection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the influence of UV reflection from vertical metal surfaces on humans

Turner

Parisi

2009

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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“…Albedo is defined as the ratio of reflected (upwelling) irradiance to incident (down welling) irradiance for horizontal surfaces [9]. A surface that varies from a horizontal position but is still exposed to downwelling irradiance (to be referred to as global irradiance in this paper) can still produce reflected irradiance from the surface to the immediate environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous work on reflectivity includes the investigation of the albedo of horizontal surfaces [9][10][11][12] as well as inclined surfaces such as snow covered mountain sides [13][14]. Irradiances on inclined surfaces affected by surrounding albedo have been previously explored [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflected solar radiation from horizontal, vertical and inclined surfaces: Ultraviolet and visible spectral and broadband behaviour due to solar zenith angle, orientation and surface type

Turner

Parisi

Turnbull

2008

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

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Ultraviolet (UV) radiation affects human life and UV exposure is a significant everyday factor that individuals must be aware of to ensure minimal damaging biological effects to themselves. UV exposure is affected by many complex factors.Albedo is one factor, involving reflection from flat surfaces. Albedo is defined as the ratio of reflected (upwelling) irradiance to incident (downwelling) irradiance and is generally accepted only for horizontal surfaces. Incident irradiance on a non horizontal surface from a variety of incident angles may cause the reflectivity can change. Assumptions about the reflectivity of a vertical surface are frequently made for a variety of purposes but rarely quantified. As urban structures are dominated by vertical surfaces, using albedo to estimate influence on UV exposure is limiting when incident (downwelling) irradiance is not normal to the surface. Changes to the The RRG shows variability in reflective capacities of surface according to the above mentioned factors and present a more realistic influence on UV exposure than albedo for future investigations. Errors in measuring RRG at large solar zenith angles is explored, which equally highlights the errors in albedo measurement at large solar zenith angles.

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“…Ideally, the two sets of UV spectra need to be measured simultaneously as has been done by researchers in the measurement of the UV albedo of ground cover [21]. This requires the usage of two spectroradiometers and was not logistically feasible in this research with only one spectroradiometer available.…”

Section: Uv Spectral Shade Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%