Urban air pollution and solar energy

Gammon, R. B.; Huning, J.; Reid, M. S.; Smith, J. L.

doi:10.1080/01430750.1981.9675776

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Phoenix, Arizona (USA), is similar to Los Angeles in that the metropolitan area is rather densely populated, is experiencing a rapid population growth, and is situated in an arid environment of complex topography (Gammon et al 1981), whereby the urban center is nearly surrounded by significantly higher terrain (Fig. 1a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Analysis of the climatic mechanisms contributing to the summertime transport of lower atmospheric ozone across metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona, USA

Ellis

Hildebrandt²,

Thomas³

et al. 2000

Clim. Res.

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High concentrations of lower atmospheric ozone can adversely affect the health of humans, plants, and animals. Over the past decade, unhealthy levels of ozone across the Phoenix, Arizona (USA) urban area have been a focus of attention for the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and local government agencies. As ozone concentrations exceeding the standard set forth by the EPA occur in a preferred location within the Phoenix metropolitan area (eastern suburb of Mesa), it has become important to gain an understanding of the mechanisms that transport ozone within Phoenix and its suburbs. The objective of the study that is presented here was to examine the climatic factors that contributed to the spatial distribution of lower atmospheric ozone across the eastern portion of the Phoenix metropolitan area in mid-to-late summer 1998. Microclimatic and synopticscale atmospheric contributors were linked to the mesoscale transport of ozone. Forty-three study days were stratified into 3 categories: high ozone days (exceeded the EPA standard), moderate ozone days (approached the EPA standard), and low ozone days. Eleven days of high ozone were differentiated from the days of the remaining 2 categories by an atmosphere containing less water vapor, and therefore a greater surface receipt of insolation. This is not surprising given the fact that ozone production is a photochemical process. However, the movement of the lower atmospheric ozone is also an important issue. The results of the study suggest that the drier atmosphere and resultant high insolation at the surface were associated with a proximal area of high pressure aloft. Taken together, the result was warmer ground surface and overlying air temperatures, light winds, an apparent lack of turbulent lower atmospheric mixing, and light southwesterly winds at 850 mb that advected little moisture into the area. Associated with the light synoptic flow and warm surface condition on days of high ozone was a wind regime that appears to be the product of a mesoscale thermodynamic circulation. The daytime flow on high ozone days became directed upslope toward the higher elevations of the eastern Phoenix Valley. Embedded within the flow was a plume of high ozone concentrations that extended from an urban area of high ground traffic eastward into the eastern suburb of Mesa. Conversely, moderate and low ozone days were associated with an eastward displacement of high pressure aloft, greater advection of lowlevel moisture from the south and southeast, smaller insolation receipt, less surface heating, and a much less organized movement of lower atmospheric ozone than on high ozone days.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Analysis of the climatic mechanisms contributing to the summertime transport of lower atmospheric ozone across metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona, USA

Ellis

Hildebrandt²,

Thomas³

et al. 2000

Clim. Res.

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“…19,20 It resulted in a 37% energy savings or 7 million kilowatt hours per year. 19,21 Subsequently, emergency energy conservation initiatives were introduced by many other national governments. Policies were adopted, formulated and initiated to promote rational use of energy.…”

Section: Historical Perspectives On Energy Conservation and Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy conservation and efficiency awareness practices of households in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana

Nunoo¹,

Baidoo²,

Danquah³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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<p>This paper assessed energy conservation and efficiency awareness practices of households in the Cape Coast Metropolis. It examined the level and variability in energy conservation practices, and the level of energy-savings awareness education among households. The findings reveal that years spent in school by household heads, income levels, expenditure, age of households and the number of times electricity power triples off daily were among key factors influencing individual’s choice of energy-efficient appliances. There was significant variability between existing social strata in terms of income and use of electrical appliances among households. Based on the findings, this study recommends a robust energy literacy program to improve households energy efficiency practices awareness, and in order to ensure energy cost savings, environmental protection and climate change mitigation that will enhance the drive towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goal Seven (SDG 7). </p>

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“…Such studies are useful for comparing different PV materials and cell designs; however, at the system level, initial studies conclude that this effect is small (Bush, 1983). On the other hand, other work has shown rather dramatic shifts in the spectrum under polluted and hazy conditions (Gammon, et al, 1981;Huning and Smith, 1981; ' Smith, et al, 1980). This is still an open issue in some contexts, for instance, comparison of performance for different cell materials.…”

Section: Recent Extens Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%