Urban air pollution, poverty, violence and health – Neurological and immunological aspects as mediating factors

Kristiansson, Marianne; Sörman, Karolina; Tekwe, Carmen D.; Calderón‐Garcidueñas, Lilian

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2015.05.013

Cited by 38 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Air pollution is also a known risk factor for other conditions such as asthma, stroke, and cardiovascular disease (Mölter et al, 2015; Gehring et al, 2015; Yorifuji et al, 2014; Zhang et al, 2011; Franklin et al, 2015; Short term exposure to air pollution and stroke, 2016; Maheswaran, 2016). Poor air quality has negative effects on the central nervous system and has been associated with cognitive delays in children (Kristiansson et al, 2015; Guxens et al, 2012; Block and Calderón-garcidueñas, 2010). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other markers of oxidative stress have also been elevated in MS patients compared to healthy controls (Koch et al, 2006; Oliveira et al, 2012). Perhaps repeated exposure to air pollution and related stressors creates a more pro-inflammatory state, thus making a person’s systems quicker to act when a person is exposed to future stressors such as Epstein-Barr virus (Kristiansson et al, 2015). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Repeated toxic stress can negatively impact neurological and immunological systems, particularly in a developing brain and immature immune system (Kristiansson et al, 2015). An insult through pollution and increased inflammatory factors during these critical phases could create a point of vulnerability (Guxens et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining the contributions of environmental quality to pediatric multiple sclerosis

Lavery

Waldman

Casper

et al. 2017

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders

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Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a presumed autoimmune disease caused by genetic and environmental factors. It is hypothesized that environmental exposures (such as air and water quality) trigger the innate immune response thereby activating a pro-inflammatory cascade. Objective To examine potential environmental factors in pediatric MS using geographic information systems (GIS). Methods Pediatric MS cases and healthy controls were identified as part of an ongoing multicenter case-control study. Subjects’ geographic locations were mapped by county centroid to compare to an Environmental Quality Index (EQI). The EQI examines 5 individual environmental components (air, land, water, social, built factors). A composite EQI score and individual scores were compared between cases and controls, stratified by median proximity to enrollment centers (residence < 20 or ≥20 miles from the recruiting center), using logistic regression. Results Of the 287 MS cases and 445 controls, 46% and 49% respectively live in areas where the total EQI is the highest (worst environmental quality). Total EQI was not significantly associated with the odds for MS (p = 0.90 < 20 miles from center; p = 0.43 ≥ 20 miles); however, worsening air quality significantly impacted the odds for MS in those living near a referral center (OR = 2.83; 95%CI 1.5, 5.4) and those who reside ≥20 miles from a referral center (OR = 1.61; 95%CI 1.2, 2.3). Conclusion Among environmental factors, air quality may contribute to the odds of developing MS in a pediatric population. Future studies will examine specific air constituents and other location-based air exposures and explore potential mechanisms for immune activation by these exposures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining the contributions of environmental quality to pediatric multiple sclerosis

Lavery

Waldman

Casper

et al. 2017

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders

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“…Chronic exposure has shown to cause epithelium and respiratory alterations2 leading to other chronic health outcomes including nonfatal heart attacks,3 stroke,4 asthma,5, 6 and decreased lung function 7, 8. Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) has also been associated with adverse neurological outcomes including cognitive delays in children,9, 10, 11 dementia and Alzheimers,12, 13, 14 and white matter abnormalities 14, 15, 16. Animal studies show that long‐term exposure to PM 2.5 can decrease total brain and white matter volumes 17…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban air quality and associations with pediatric multiple sclerosis

Lavery

Waubant

Casper

et al. 2018

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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BackgroundWe previously identified air quality as a risk factor of interest for pediatric multiple sclerosis. The purpose of this study is to more closely examine the association between the six criteria air pollutants and pediatric MS as well as identify specific areas of toxic release using data from the Toxic Release Inventory.MethodsPediatric MS cases (N = 290) and healthy controls (N = 442) were included as part of an ongoing case–control study. We used the National Emissions Inventory system to estimate particulate exposure by county of residence for each participant. Proximity to Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) sites was also assessed using ArcGIS mapping tools. Risk‐Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) classified counties at risk to exposure of environmental toxic releases.ResultsFine particulate matter (PM 2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO 2), and lead air emissions were associated with increased odds for pediatric MS (P < 0.01) for those residing within 20 miles of an MS center. Most study participants (75%) resided within 5 miles of at least one TRI site; however, the mean total pounds of stack air releases was higher for sites near MS cases (81,000 tons) compared to those near healthy controls (35,000 tons, P = 0.002). Average RSEI scores did not differ significantly between cases and controls.ConclusionOut of several air pollutants examined, we show that fine particulate matter and three other criteria pollutants (SO 2, CO, and lead) were statistically associated with higher odds for pediatric MS.

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“…(40) Lower-income women exposed to chronic IPT are also more likely to experience other adverse events (41) or be exposed to physical environmental factors associated with asthma such as air pollution. (42)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Maternal Lifetime Interpersonal Trauma on Children's Asthma: Mediation Through Maternal Active Asthma During Pregnancy

et al. 2017

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Objective Traumatic stressors, including child abuse and/or interpersonal violence over a woman’s lifecourse, can affect the health of her children. This study examines associations between maternal lifetime interpersonal trauma (IPT) and children’s asthma by age six years (N=857). Methods Pregnant women completed the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale; IPT exposure was categorized as unexposed (55%), early (childhood and/or teen years only, 25%), late (adulthood and/or index pregnancy, 7%), and chronic (early and late, 13%). Clinician-diagnosed asthma in children was reported by mothers at each follow-up visit until the child reached age 6 years. We examined effects of maternal IPT categories and child’s asthma using logistic regression. Using structural equation models, we also examined indirect relationships between maternal chronic IPT and child asthma operating through active asthma in pregnancy, pre-pregnancy BMI, prenatal smoking, and/or increased exposure to other adverse life events or environmental toxins prenatally. Effect modification by the child’s sex was examined. Results Mothers were primarily Hispanic (55%) or Black (30%) with < high school education (62%). In logistic regression models, chronic maternal IPT (compared to unexposed) was associated with asthma in boys (OR=2.87; 95% CI, 1.48–5.57) but not girls (OR=0.69; 95% CI 0.23–2.12) (pinteraction=0.042). In SEMs, chronic IPT was associated with maternal active asthma in pregnancy (β=0.59, p<0.001); maternal active asthma was associated with children’s asthma (β=0.20, p=0.009); and the total indirect effect for this path was significant (β=0.12, p=0.031). Associations were most evident among boys. Conclusions Mothers’ history of chronic interpersonal trauma was associated with asthma in boys. This association was mediated through active maternal asthma in pregnancy.

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Urban air pollution, poverty, violence and health – Neurological and immunological aspects as mediating factors

Cited by 38 publications

References 24 publications

Examining the contributions of environmental quality to pediatric multiple sclerosis

Examining the contributions of environmental quality to pediatric multiple sclerosis

Urban air quality and associations with pediatric multiple sclerosis

Impact of Maternal Lifetime Interpersonal Trauma on Children's Asthma: Mediation Through Maternal Active Asthma During Pregnancy

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