Urban air quality comparison for bus, tram, subway and pedestrian commutes in Barcelona

Moreno, Teresa; Reche, Cristina; Rivas, Ioar; Minguillón, María Cruz; Martins, Vânia; Vargas, Concepción; Buonanno, Giorgio; Parga, Jesus; Pandolfi, M.; Brines, M.; Ealo, Marina; Fonseca, Ana Sofia; Amato, Fúlvio; Sosa, G.; Capdevila, Marta; Miguel, Eladio de; Querol, Xavier; Gibbons, Wes

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2015.07.022

Cited by 150 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…It is difficult to compare results between countries since exposure levels depend on the study area, the type of vehicle (diesel or gasoline, light or commercial vehicles), density and fluidity of traffic, distance to traffic, length of the trip, season, time of day, meteorological conditions, etc . In an experiment, for journeys through the city of Barcelona, BC was lower in the tram (mean of 3.4 μg/m 3 ) when compared to the bus (5.5 μg/m 3 ), subway (7 μg/m 3 —values possibly overestimated by interference of light absorption by iron in the microaethalometer measurements), and walking (6.5 μg/m 3 in suburban and 9.6 μg/m 3 in the congested inner city). The mean of UFP was lowest in commuting using subway trains (23×10 3 pt/cm 3 ), higher during tram travel (30×10 3 pt/cm 3 ), suburban walking (37×10 3 pt/cm 3 ), and highest in diesel bus (55×10 3 pt/cm 3 ) or walking in the city center (59×10 3 pt/cm 3 ), with extreme transient peaks at busy traffic crossings commonly exceeding 100×10 3 pt/cm 3 and accompanied by peaks in BC and carbon monoxide …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal measurement of exposure to black carbon and ultrafine particles in schoolchildren from PARIS cohort (Paris, France)

Paunescu

Attoui

Bouallala³

et al. 2017

Indoor Air

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This study aimed to measure in French children personal exposure concentrations of black carbon (BC) and ultrafine particles (UFP) and to quantify the contribution of different microenvironments (home, school, places of extracurricular activities, transport) to their total exposure. It was conducted on 96 9-year-old children from the PARIS birth cohort. BC and UFP were continuously measured by portable devices (microAeth AE51 and DiSCmini ) for a minimum of 24 hours, while participating families simultaneously filled in a space-time-activities-budget questionnaire. BC exposure concentration was higher during trips (principally metro/train and bus), while UFP exposure concentration was higher during indoor activities (mainly eating at restaurants) and in trips. The most important UFP peaks were measured at home, especially during cooking. Home and school together accounted for much of the total exposure, 83.8% for BC and 85.3% for UFP. The contribution of transport to total exposure was 12.4% for BC and 9.7% for UFP, while extracurricular activities were responsible for 3.8% and 5% of the total exposure to BC and UFP, respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal measurement of exposure to black carbon and ultrafine particles in schoolchildren from PARIS cohort (Paris, France)

Paunescu

Attoui

Bouallala³

et al. 2017

Indoor Air

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“…Being thermally dissatisfied outdoors is an expected outcome in Singapore with its warm and humid climate. A lower TA satisfaction rate in transport could be explained by relatively high temperature (compared to workplaces, for example) and other factors such as close proximity among occupants, especially during peak travel times [38]. For perceived air quality acceptability, high median PAQA value was observed at home (0.59), at the workplace (0.58), in restaurants (0.55) and outdoors (0.46); a much lower median PAQA (-0.22) was reported in transport.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal assessment of thermal and perceived air quality acceptability in relation to temperature, humidity, and CO2 exposure in Singapore

Cheung

Schiavon

Gall

et al. 2017

Building and Environment

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Thermal acceptability (TA) and perceived air quality acceptability (PAQA) are typically analysed in climate chambers or cross-sectional field studies. Individual factors, such as expectations and perceived environment history, may influence the acceptability response. Longitudinal studies with multi-day design are absent in the literature. Fifteen Singaporean subjects participated in a 7-day longitudinal experiment in which they carried a portable sensor that continuously recorded personal air temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration at 1-minute intervals. Instantaneous TA and PAQA were regularly sampled by survey for each subject.High acceptability was found at home, restaurants and workplaces, whereas low acceptability was found for outdoor and transport environments. The participants from Singapore's modern tropical environment spent an average of 96% of their time indoors. Weak associations were reported between acceptabilities and measured physical parameters taken independently. Clustering data by location, subject's sleeping ventilation habit, airconditioning operation status and the changes in physical parameters over a designated time period enhanced the understanding of the acceptability results. In general, acceptability was lower for those who slept in air-conditioned environments than for those who slept without air-conditioning. The carbon dioxide mixing ratio was critical for PAQA predictions but not for TA. The Gaussian process (GP) had a better predictive power than a multiple linear regression approach. Using GP, we found that a general predictive model had comparable simulation performance as for individual predictive models. The longitudinal experiment has demonstrated effectiveness for TA and PAQA analysis, which could be beneficial to future studies in personal comfort prediction.

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“…Moreno et al [15] compared atmospheric contaminants inhaled by travelers during bus, subway train, tram, and walking journeys through the city of Barcelona; this paper was focused on the chemical aerosol speciation, carried out in the 10–300 nm particle range. Many other studies were based on the chemical speciation and the relevant influences on the distribution of transport-related air pollutants in urban air [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28], whereas no papers deal with the dose deposited in the human respiratory tract.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedestrians in Traffic Environments: Ultrafine Particle Respiratory Doses

Manigrasso

Natale

Vitali

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Particulate matter has recently received more attention than other pollutants. PM10 and PM2.5 have been primarily monitored, whereas scientists are focusing their studies on finer granulometric sizes due both to their high number concentration and their high penetration efficiency into the respiratory system. The purpose of this study is to investigate the population exposure to UltraFine Particles (UFP, submicrons in general) in outdoor environments. The particle number doses deposited into the respiratory system have been compared between healthy individuals and persons affected by Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Measurements were performed by means of Dust Track and Nanoscan analyzers. Forty minute walking trails through areas with different traffic densities in downtown Rome have been considered. Furthermore, particle respiratory doses have been estimated for persons waiting at a bus stop, near a traffic light, or along a high-traffic road, as currently occurs in a big city. Large differences have been observed between workdays and weekdays: on workdays, UFP number concentrations are much higher due to the strong contribution of vehicular exhausts. COPD-affected individuals receive greater doses than healthy individuals due to their higher respiratory rate.

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Urban air quality comparison for bus, tram, subway and pedestrian commutes in Barcelona

Cited by 150 publications

References 62 publications

Personal measurement of exposure to black carbon and ultrafine particles in schoolchildren from PARIS cohort (Paris, France)

Personal measurement of exposure to black carbon and ultrafine particles in schoolchildren from PARIS cohort (Paris, France)

Longitudinal assessment of thermal and perceived air quality acceptability in relation to temperature, humidity, and CO2 exposure in Singapore

Pedestrians in Traffic Environments: Ultrafine Particle Respiratory Doses

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