Urban ambient air quality investigation and health risk assessment during haze and non–haze periods in Shanghai, China

Wei, Zhao; Cheng, Jin; Li, Dinglong; Duan, Yusen; Wei, Haiping; Ji, Ran; Wang, Wenhua

doi:10.5094/apr.2013.030

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The PM 10 concentrations were lower than those reported for other densely populated regions of China, such as Beijing (142.0 μg/m 3 , Chan and Yao 2008) and Guangzhou (134.0 μg/m 3 , Wan et al 2011) but were substantially higher than those reported for big cities in Europe and East Asia, such as Dublin, Ireland (18.0 μg/m 3 ) and Tokyo, Japan (29.0 μg/m 3 ) (Zhao et al 2013b). NO 2 concentrations were also higher than those reported for big cities in Europe, such as Antwerp, Belgium (38.9 μg/m 3 , Stranger et al 2009).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 62%

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Visibility characteristics and the impacts of air pollutants and meteorological conditions over Shanghai, China

Xue

Liu

2015

Environ Monit Assess

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In China, visibility condition has become an important issue that concerns both society and the scientific community. In order to study visibility characteristics and its influencing factors, visibility data, air pollutants, and meteorological data during the year 2013 were obtained over Shanghai. The temporal variation of atmospheric visibility was analyzed. The mean value of daily visibility of Shanghai was 19.1 km. Visibility exhibited an obvious seasonal cycle. The maximum and minimum visibility occurred in September and December with the values of 27.5 and 7.7 km, respectively. The relationships between the visibility and air pollutant data were calculated. The visibility had negative correlation with NO2, CO, PM2.5, PM10, and SO2 and weak positive correlation with O3. Meteorological data were clustered into four groups to reveal the joint contribution of meteorological variables to the daily average visibility. Usually, under the meteorological condition of high temperature and wind speed, the visibility of Shanghai reached about 25 km, while visibility decreased to 16 km under the weather type of low wind speed and temperature and high relative humid. Principle component analysis was also applied to identify the main cause of visibility variance. The results showed that the low visibility over Shanghai was mainly due to the high air pollution concentrations associated with low wind speed, which explained the total variance of 44.99 %. These results provide new knowledge for better understanding the variations of visibility and have direct implications to supply sound policy on visibility improvement in Shanghai.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…The minimum visibility over Shanghai occurs in December at approximately 7.7 km. It has been reported that there were more haze days in winter (18 days for December) than summer (9 days for July) in Shanghai (Zhao et al 2013b). This also indicates visibility in winter is lower than in summer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Visibility characteristics and the impacts of air pollutants and meteorological conditions over Shanghai, China

Xue

Liu

2015

Environ Monit Assess

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“…The fact that the inter-transport of pollution accompanies high humidity is the dominant reason for the haze in East China [29,46] and Northern Taiwan [27]. Dust was a major source of pollution in eastern Inner Mongolia [58], local emissions and regional transport accounted for pollution in Nanjing [59], coal consumption and industry increased pollution in Beijing in winter [32,50], and industrial pollution and vehicle emissions were the dominant local contributors to the levels of NO 2 and PM 2.5 in Shanghai [31,34].…”

Section: Temporal and Spatial Patterns Of China's Principal Air Pollumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the concentration of CO and NO 2 in China will continue to increase. As we know already, vehicle emissions are a key factor in the high concentration of NO 2 , which has been caused by the rapid increase in the number of vehicles and industrial parks [31,34]. Therefore, technological innovation is imperative in coal gasification, liquefaction, and storage to improve the energy efficiency of coal [65].…”

Section: Policy Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and Spatial Patterns of China’s Main Air Pollutants: Years 2014 and 2015

Zhou

Sun

2017

Atmosphere

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China faces unprecedented air pollution today. In this study, a database (SO 2 , NO 2 , CO, O 3 , PM 2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm), and PM 10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 µm) was developed from recordings in 188 cities across China in 2014 and 2015 to explore the spatial-temporal characteristics, relationships among atmospheric contaminations, and variations in these contaminants. Across China, the results indicated that the average monthly concentrations of air pollutants were higher from November to February than in other months. Further, the spatial patterns of air pollutants showed that the most polluted areas were located in Shandong, Henan, and Shanxi provinces, and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. In addition, the average daily concentrations of air pollutants were also higher in spring and winter, and significant relationships between the principal air pollutants (negative for O 3 and positive for the others) were found. Finally, the results of a generalized additive model (GAM) indicated that the concentrations of PM 10 and O 3 fluctuate dynamically; there was a consistent increase in CO and NO 2 , and PM 2.5 and SO 2 showed a sharply decreasing trend. To minimize air pollution, open biomass burning should be prohibited, the energy efficiency of coal should be improved, and the full use of clean fuels (nuclear, wind, and solar energy) for municipal heating should be encouraged from November to February. Consequently, an optimized program of urban development should be highlighted.

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“…135-TMB is a harmful environmental pollutant and toxicant in the atmosphere (Mazzeo et al, 2011;Correa et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2012). Besides its toxicity to humans, conversion of 135-TMB in the atmosphere can play a significant role in the increase of tropospheric ozone as well as in the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) (Odum et al, 1997;Atkinson and Arey, 2003;Rickard et al, 2010;Ziemann and Atkinson, 2012), which are known to be harmful to human health and ecosystem (Russell and Brunekreef, 2009;Baltensperger, 2010;Sorooshian et al, 2012;Zhao et al, 2013). As emissions of 135-TMB are concentrated in urban areas, the formation of SOA becomes an acute problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition of gas and particle–phase products of OH–initiated oxidation of 1,3,5–trimethylbenzene

Huang

Guo

et al. 2014

Atmospheric Pollution Research

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A laboratory study was performed to investigate the composition of products formed from OH-initiated oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbon 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene. The experiments were conducted by irradiating 1,3,5-trimethyl benzene/CH 3 ONO/NO/air mixtures in smog chamber. The chemical composition of gas and particle-phase products have been investigated with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and the aerosol laser time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ALTOFMS), respectively. Experimental results showed that 3,5-dimethyl benzaldehyde, 2,4,6-tri methylphenol, 2-methyl-4-oxo-2-pentenal and 3,5-dimethyl-2-furanone were the predominant products in both the gas and particle-phases. However, there were some differences between detected gas-phase products and those of particle-phase, for example, oxalic acid, 2-methyl-2-hydroxy-3,4-dioxo-pentanal, and 2,3,5-trimethyl-3-nitrophenol were only existing in the particle-phase. The possible reaction mechanisms leading to these products are also proposed. Compared to offline methods such as GC-MS measurement, the ALTOFMS detection can analyze real-time the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) successfully and provide more information on the products. Thus, ALTOFMS is a useful tool to reveal the formation and transformation processes of SOA particles in smog chambers.

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Urban ambient air quality investigation and health risk assessment during haze and non–haze periods in Shanghai, China

Cited by 40 publications

References 51 publications

Visibility characteristics and the impacts of air pollutants and meteorological conditions over Shanghai, China

Visibility characteristics and the impacts of air pollutants and meteorological conditions over Shanghai, China

Temporal and Spatial Patterns of China’s Main Air Pollutants: Years 2014 and 2015

Chemical composition of gas and particle–phase products of OH–initiated oxidation of 1,3,5–trimethylbenzene

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