Urban American Indian Youth Spirituality and Religion: A Latent Class Analysis

Kulis, Stephen; Tsethlikai, Monica

doi:10.1111/jssr.12298

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(100 reference statements)

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“…Subsequently, we assigned respondents to the class to which they had the highest likelihood of belonging. Following Pearce, Hardie, and Foster (), this person‐centered approach allows us to identify the common sociological characteristics of people who hold similar views of spirituality and, further, examine the religious and sociodemographic factors that predict membership in one class rather than others (see also Kulis and Tsethlikai ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spirituality: What Does it Mean and to Whom?

Steensland

Wang

Schmidt

2018

Scientific Study of Religion

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While there is increasing interest in the topic of spirituality, scholars have limited data on its meaning among ordinary Americans. Based on an open‐ended question in a new nationally representative survey, this article documents the elements that make up people's views of spirituality. We find that theism is the dominant focus of American spirituality, with a relatively small percentage of people offering exclusively immanent descriptions. Cognitive and relational orientations are more prominent than behavioral or ethical orientations. Using latent class analysis, we identify seven distinctive views of spirituality that vary considerably in their prevalence and social profiles. Binary logit regression shows that spiritual self‐identification, belief in God, and worship attendance are the religious factors most strongly associated with views of spirituality. Among sociodemographic predictors, significant associations with gender, race, education, and income are limited or absent. In contrast, the influences of age and political ideology are more substantial.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spirituality: What Does it Mean and to Whom?

Steensland

Wang

Schmidt

2018

Scientific Study of Religion

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“…Segmenting a population into smaller groups based on shared characteristics is a foundational practice in the field of marketing (Smith 1956) and has been used to understand religious behavior as well (e.g., Kulis and Tsethlikai 2016;Pearce et al 2013;Smith and Snell 2009). Recognizing the increasing diversity and complexity of Jewish life, some Jewish organizations are already attempting to segment their constituencies into groups with distinct behavioral patterns and then create different tracks to serve those groups based on their respective needs and interests (e.g., Uram 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the class is "latent" in that it does not actually appear in the variable set, the class accounts for the associations between the variables. LCA has been used to create typologies of related characteristics in the case of political views (Knight and Brinton 2017; Pew Research Center 2017a) and religion and spirituality (Kulis and Tsethlikai 2016;Pearce et al 2013).…”

Section: Latent Class Analysis As a Tool To Analyze Jewish Engagementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Approach to Understanding Contemporary Jewish Engagement

et al. 2018

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Although researchers have long recognized the multidimensional nature of Jewish life (e.g., Hartman in Studies in Contemporary Jewry, Oxford University Press, New York, 2014; Himmelfarb in Understanding American Jewry, Brandeis University, Waltham, 1982), most sociodemographic studies examine Jewish behaviors and attitudes in isolation rather than considering their complex interactions. Examining each of these behaviors and dimensions separately provides only limited understanding of the meaning and enactment of Jewish identity. The present study presents a statistical method to understand the patterns of Jewish engagement across multiple dimensions. Based on data from a survey of the Greater Boston Jewish community, latent class analysis was used to combine 14 behavioral measures into a typology of Jewish engagement. The results were a "partially ordered" set of 5 classes representing distinct behavior patterns. Three of the classes followed a low-to-high continuum. Two classes did not follow this order and represented distinct but parallel patterns of engagement. Most notably, the study identified a category of Cultural Jews who do not regularly practice Jewish rituals or affiliate with synagogues but do feel strong connections to the Jewish community. A simple continuum of Jewish identity disguises the multidimensional nature of engagement and provides too simplistic a tool for policymakers. This approach suggests not only a new method of measuring Jewish engagement, but, more importantly, a new way to understand contemporary Jewish identity.

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“…Among AIs, several studies highlight the protective effects of spiritual and religious involvement for substance use among AI adults and youth (Beebe et al, 2008;Kulis, Hodge, Ayers, Brown, & Marsiglia, 2012;Stone, Whitbeck, Chen, Johnson, & Olson, 2006;Yu & Stiffman, 2010). In contrast, Kulis and Tsethlikai (2016) reported no difference in substance use and prosubstance attitudes between high AI spirituality and nonreligious classes of middle school students. As with perceived discrimination, much less work has investigated religious importance and drinking motives, with even fewer including AI youth.…”

Section: Religious Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

Classes of drinking motives among American Indian youth drinkers.

Davis¹,

Prince²,

Hallgren³

et al. 2019

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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Research exploring American Indian (AI) youth drinking motives and their relation to negative outcomes is critical due to higher rates of alcohol use and early exposure to intoxication in the population. The purpose of this study is to explore classes of drinking motives as they relate to heavy episodic drinking, perceived discrimination, religious importance, ethnic identity, and ethnic pride. This study is part of an ongoing epidemiologic and etiologic investigation of substance use among AI youth drinkers living on or near reservations (n ϭ 1,934, M age ϭ 15.31). A latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted to discern latent classes of drinking motives. Once latent classes were identified, differences in perceived discrimination, ethnic pride, ethnic identity, religious importance, and heavy episodic drinking were tested. A 2-class solution provided the best overall model fit to the data. The higher coping and enhancement motive class was associated with significantly greater heavy episodic drinking, perceived discrimination, and ethnic identity compared with the low motive class. Further, the class structure did not differ between 7th and 8th graders and 9th-12th graders. Results indicate that among AI youth, the class with strong motives to drink for coping or enhancement had higher ethnic identity, greater risk of heavy episodic drinking, and greater perceived discrimination compared with the class with low motives. Future research should examine additional factors and stressors that may be associated with these classes of drinking motives and are unique to the AI population.

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Urban American Indian Youth Spirituality and Religion: A Latent Class Analysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 60 publications

Spirituality: What Does it Mean and to Whom?

Spirituality: What Does it Mean and to Whom?

A New Approach to Understanding Contemporary Jewish Engagement

Classes of drinking motives among American Indian youth drinkers.

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