Urban and rural differences in dietary intake, weight status and nutrition knowledge of black female students

Steyn, Nelia P.; Senekal, Marjanne; Brtis, Sanet; Nel, Johanna H.

doi:10.1046/j.1440-6047.2000.00137.x

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In this respect it reflects the traditional African diet. The low energy intake is very similar to that found in two recent studies in the Northern Province in black adults 30,31 , and possibly reflects some underreporting 32 . This is probably due to the difficulty in establishing accurate portion sizes for maize porridge, which is eaten in large quantities by hand.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Dietary intake and barriers to dietary compliance in black type 2 diabetic patients attending primary health-care services

Nthangeni¹,

Steyn²,

Alberts³

et al. 2002

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To determine the dietary intake, practices, knowledge and barriers to dietary compliance of black South African type 2 diabetic patients attending primary health-care services in urban and rural areas. Design: A cross-sectional survey. Dietary intake was assessed by three 24-hour recalls, and knowledge and practices by means of a structured questionnaire (n ¼ 133 men, 155 women). In-depth interviews were then conducted with 25 of the patients to explore their underlying beliefs and feelings with respect to their disease. Trained interviewers measured weight, height and blood pressure. A fasting venous blood sample was collected from each participant in order to evaluate glycaemic control. Setting: An urban area (Sheshego) and rural areas near Pietersburg in the Northern Province of South Africa. Subjects: The sample comprised 59 men and 75 women from urban areas and 74 men and 80 women from rural areas. All were over 40 years of age, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for at least one year, and attended primary health-care services in the study area over a 3-month period in 1998. Results: Reported dietary results indicate that mean energy intakes were low (,70% of Recommended Dietary Allowance), 8086 -8450 kJ day 21 and 6967-7382 kJ day 21 in men and women, respectively. Urban subjects had higher ðP , 0:05Þ intakes of animal protein and lower ratios of polyunsaturated fat to saturated fat than rural subjects. The energy distribution of macronutrients was in line with the recommendations for a prudent diet, with fat intake less than 30%, saturated fat less than 10% and carbohydrate intake greater than 55% of total energy intake. In most respects, nutrient intakes resembled a traditional African diet, although fibre intake was low in terms of the recommended 3-6 g/1000 kJ. More than 90% of patients ate three meals a day, yet only 32 -47% had a morning snack and 19-27% had a late evening snack. The majority of patients indicated that they followed a special diet, which had been given to them by a doctor or a nurse. Only 3.4-6.1% were treated by diet alone. Poor glycaemic control was found in both urban and rural participants, with more than half of subjects having fasting plasma glucose above 8 mmol l 21 and more than 35% having plasma glycosylated haemoglobin level above 8.6%. High triglyceride levels were found in 24 to 25% of men and in 17 to 18% of women. Obesity (body mass index $30 kg m 22) was prevalent in 15 to 16% of men compared with 35 to 47% of women; elevated blood pressure ($160/95 mmHg) was least prevalent in rural women (25.9%) and most prevalent in urban men (42.4%). Conclusions: The majority of black, type 2 diabetic patients studied showed poor glycaemic control. Additionally, many had dyslipidaemia, were obese and/or had an elevated blood pressure. Quantitative and qualitative findings indicated that these patients frequently received incorrect and inappropriate dietary advice from health educators.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Dietary intake and barriers to dietary compliance in black type 2 diabetic patients attending primary health-care services

Nthangeni¹,

Steyn²,

Alberts³

et al. 2002

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Cilliers et al 32 reported a prevalence of overweight or obesity of 24.7% in Black first-year students at the University of Stellenbosch; whilst the prevalence of overweight or obesity amongst first-year female students was 25% at the University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus) in 2000. 33 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body weight, eating practices and nutritional knowledge amongst university nursing students, Eastern Cape, South Africa

Berg

Okeyo

Dannhauser

et al. 2012

Afr. j. prim. health care fam. med.

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BackgroundHealth care workers need to be equipped to deal with the increasing obesity and obesity-related morbidity occurring in developing countries.ObjectivesTo assess weight status, eating practices and nutritional knowledge amongst nursing students at the University of Fort Hare, Eastern Cape.MethodA cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted on 161 undergraduate (51 male and 110 female) students of the Department of Nursing Sciences at the University of Fort Hare. Body mass index, waist and hip circumferences and waist hip ratio were determined. Nutritional knowledge and eating practices were investigated by structured interviewer-administered questionnaires.ResultsStatically, 49.7% were overweight or obese (58.2% of the females; 31.4% of the males) and 65.2% had waist circumferences putting them at risk for non-communicable diseases. Most did not meet the recommendations for intakes from the vegetable group (97.5% ate <3 servings per day), the fruit group (42.2% ate <2 servings per day), and the dairy group (92.6% ate <2 servings per day); whilst 78.3% ate ≥4 serving per day of sugar or sweets. Most consumed margarine, oil or fat (68.3%), sugar (59.0%) and bread (55.9%) daily, but few reported daily intakes of vegetables (12.4%), fruit (23.6%), fruit juice (21.2%) and milk (15.6%). Fewer than 50% knew the recommended intakes for vegetables, fruit, dairy, starchy foods and meat or meat alternatives.ConclusionsThese nursing students had a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, poor eating habits and inadequate knowledge on key nutrition issues, which may impact negatively on their efficacy as future health ambassadors to the public.

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“…Indeed, in African transitional countries, food insecurity could involve specific eating disorders such as binge eating disorders due to poor access to food resources [ 16 , 17 ]. In conjunction, poor nutritional knowledge has been observed in both rural and urban young South African females [ 18 ]. Furthermore, one of the behaviours often associated with eating disorders and body image dissatisfaction is extreme exercising [ 19 ], and this weight management strategy has previously been observed in a South African population [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the relationships between body image, eating attitudes, BMI, and physical activity in rural and urban South African young adult females using structural equation modeling

et al. 2017

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The persistence of food insecurity, malnutrition, increasing adiposity, and decreasing physical activity, heightens the need to understand relationships between body image satisfaction, eating attitudes, BMI and physical activity levels in South Africa. Females aged 18–23 years were recruited from rural (n = 509) and urban (n = 510) settings. Body image satisfaction was measured using Stunkard’s silhouettes, and the 26-item Eating Attitudes questionnaire (EAT-26) was used to evaluate participants’ risk of disordered eating. Minutes per week of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Significant linear correlates were included in a series of regressions run separately for urban and rural participants. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the relationships between variables. Urban females were more likely to be overweight and obese than rural females (p = 0.02), and had a greater desire to be thinner (p = 0.02). In both groups, being overweight or obese was positively associated with a desire to be thinner (p<0.01), and negatively associated with a desire to be fatter (p<0.01). Having a disordered eating attitude was associated with body image dissatisfaction in the urban group (β = 1.27, p<0.01, CI: 0.38; 2.16), but only with a desire to be fatter in the rural group (β = 0.63, p = 0.04, CI: 0.03; 1.23). In the SEM model, body image dissatisfaction was associated with disordered eating (β = 0.63), as well as higher MVPA participation (p<0.01). These factors were directly associated with a decreased risk of disordered eating attitude, and with a decreased desire to be thinner. Findings indicate a shift in both settings towards more Westernised ideals. Physical activity may provide a means to promote a healthy body image, while reducing the risk of disordered eating. Given the high prevalence of overweight and obesity in both rural and urban women, this study provides insights for future interventions aimed at decreasing adiposity in a healthy way.

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Urban and rural differences in dietary intake, weight status and nutrition knowledge of black female students

Cited by 28 publications

References 13 publications

Dietary intake and barriers to dietary compliance in black type 2 diabetic patients attending primary health-care services

Dietary intake and barriers to dietary compliance in black type 2 diabetic patients attending primary health-care services

Body weight, eating practices and nutritional knowledge amongst university nursing students, Eastern Cape, South Africa

Examining the relationships between body image, eating attitudes, BMI, and physical activity in rural and urban South African young adult females using structural equation modeling

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