Urban birds: An important source of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella strains in Central Spain

Martín-Maldonado, Bárbara; Vega, Santiago; Mencía-Gutiérrez, Aida; Lorenzo-Rebenaque, Laura; Frutos, Cristina de; González, F.; Revuelta, Luis; Marín, Clara

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101519

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Salmonella spp. isolates from white storks feeding on the same area of our study showed resistance to quinolones and ampicillin, which is in accordance with our results, but none was resistant to gentamicin and chloramphenicol [ 6 ]. Additionally, methicillin-resistant S. aureus has been isolated in tracheal samples from white storks (3.3%) [ 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…However, AMR is not only a human health issue. Several studies have confirmed the presence of AMR in livestock, companion animals and wildlife [ 6 , 12 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. The prevalence of AMR largely depends on animal species and regions, but resistant bacteria have been detected even in Antarctica [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the nutritional score of this food is poor and incomplete and involve several risks for animal health as the accumulation of contaminants, such as heavy metals, pesticides or drugs (e.g., anti-inflammatories and antimicrobials) [ 2 , 4 ]. The accumulation of organic waste in landfills, plus the inappropriate management of antibiotic residues, have favored the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the potential acquisition of resistant bacteria by animals who feed at these points [ 5 , 6 ]. One of the key facts on AMR dissemination is the horizontal transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) between bacteria, no matter if they are the same bacterial species or not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urban Birds as Antimicrobial Resistance Sentinels: White Storks Showed Higher Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Levels Than Seagulls in Central Spain

Martín-Maldonado

Rodríguez-Alcázar

Fernández-Novo

et al. 2022

Animals

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The presence of AMR bacteria in the human–animal–environmental interface is a clear example of the One Health medicine. Several studies evidence the presence of resistant bacteria in wildlife, which can be used as a good indicator of anthropization level on the ecosystem. The fast increase in AMR in the environment in the last decade has been led by several factors as globalization and migration. Migratory birds can travel hundreds of kilometers and disseminate pathogens and AMR through different regions or even continents. The aim of this study was to compare the level of AMR in three migratory bird species: Ciconia ciconia, Larus fuscus and Chroicocephalus ridibundus. For this purpose, commensal Escherichia coli has been considered a useful indicator for AMR studies. After E. coli isolation from individual cloacal swabs, antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by the disk-diffusion method, including 17 different antibiotics. A total of 63.2% of gulls had resistant strains, in contrast to 31.6% of white storks. Out of all the resistant strains, 38.9% were considered multi-drug resistant (50% of white storks and 30% of seagulls). The antibiotic classes with the highest rate of AMR were betalactamics, quinolones and tetracyclines, the most commonly used antibiotic in human and veterinary medicine in Spain.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urban Birds as Antimicrobial Resistance Sentinels: White Storks Showed Higher Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Levels Than Seagulls in Central Spain

Martín-Maldonado

Rodríguez-Alcázar

Fernández-Novo

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…transmission events follows the direction farm to wildlife (and farm to human), as opposed to wildlife to farm (or wildlife to human), as there are a considerably greater number of food-producing animals than wild animals, with a subsequent negative impact on natural environments. This is clearly demonstrated by the spreading of resistant bacteria from livestock, landfills and sewage treatment facilities to wild animals [ 19 , 63 , 64 ]. Although food-producing domestic animals cause most human infections, under certain circumstances humans may contract Salmonella directly or indirectly from wildlife, especially if they come in contact with wildlife, wildlife habitats or consume game meat or plant-derived foods contaminated with wildlife excrement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What WGS Reveals about Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in Wildlife in Germany

et al. 2021

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The aim of this study was to gain an overview of the genetic diversity of Salmonella found in wildlife in Germany. We were particularly interested in exploring whether wildlife acts as a reservoir of certain serovars/subtypes or antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. Moreover, we wanted to explore the potential of Salmonella in spreading from wildlife to livestock and humans. To answer these questions, we sequenced 260 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates sampled between 2002 and 2020 from wildlife across Germany, using short-read whole genome sequencing. We found, consistent with previous findings, that some Salmonella sequence types are associated with certain animal species, such as S. Choleraesuis ST145 with wild boar and S. Enteritidis ST183 with hedgehogs. Antibiotic resistance was detected in 14.2% of all isolates, with resistance against important WATCH group antibiotics present in a small number of isolates. We further found that wildlife isolates do not form separate phylogenetic clusters distant to isolates from domestic animals and foodstuff, thus indicating frequent transmission events between these reservoirs. Overall, our study shows that Salmonella in German wildlife are diverse, with a low AMR burden and close links to Salmonella populations of farm and food-production environments.

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“…Both sites are characterized by the presence of a high number of animal species, particularly birds and amphibians. Feces from these animals are known to contain fecal indicator bacteria, which may contribute to the low water quality observed in the samples collected in both ponds and are known to play an important role as reservoirs of this pathogen [42][43][44][45], however, other sources cannot be discarded. Correlations have also been established between the presence of fecal coliform concentrations in a river and environmental factors, including water turbidity and concentrations of nitrate, phosphate, chloride, and BOD 5 (biochemical oxygen demand) [46].…”

Section: Occurrence Of Fecal Indicator Bacteria and Zoonotic Pathogen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Fecal Bacteria and Zoonotic Pathogens in Different Water Bodies: Supporting Water Quality Management

Ferreira

Magalhães

Teixeira

et al. 2022

Water

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Water contaminated with microbiological and chemical constituents can cause a variety of diseases. Water bodies may become contaminated by wild and domestic animal feces, agricultural runoff or sewage, and are often overlooked as a reservoir and source of human infection by pathogenic microorganisms. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the presence of the zoonotic pathogens, Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes, in various water bodies located in urban and rural areas in the north of Portugal. Water samples were collected from six sites, including natural and artificial ponds, in two different time periods. Several water quality physicochemical parameters, as well as fecal indicator bacteria, were evaluated. High levels of total coliforms (>1.78 log CFU/100 mL) were detected in all samples, and substantial numbers of Enterococcus (>2.32 log CFU/100 mL) were detected in two ponds located in a city park and in an urban garden. Escherichia coli counts ranged from undetectable to 2.76 log CFU/100 mL. Salmonella spp. was isolated from two sites, the city park and the natural pond, while L. monocytogenes was isolated from three sites: the city garden, the natural pond and the artificial pond, both in the rural area. These data show that artificial and natural ponds are a reservoir of fecal indicator bacteria and enteric and zoonotic pathogens. This may impact the potential risks of human infections by potential contaminants during recreational activities, being important for assessing the water quality for strategic management of these areas.

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Urban birds: An important source of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella strains in Central Spain

Cited by 30 publications

References 38 publications

Urban Birds as Antimicrobial Resistance Sentinels: White Storks Showed Higher Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Levels Than Seagulls in Central Spain

Urban Birds as Antimicrobial Resistance Sentinels: White Storks Showed Higher Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Levels Than Seagulls in Central Spain

What WGS Reveals about Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in Wildlife in Germany

Occurrence of Fecal Bacteria and Zoonotic Pathogens in Different Water Bodies: Supporting Water Quality Management

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