Urban Climate Under Change [UC]2 – A National Research Programme for Developing a Building-Resolving Atmospheric Model for Entire City Regions

Scherer, Dieter; Antretter, Florian; Bender, Steffen; Cortekar, Jörg; Emeis, Stefan; Fehrenbach, Ute; Groß, Günter; Halbig, Guido; Hasse, Jens; Maronga, Björn; Raasch, Siegfried; Scherber, Katharina

doi:10.1127/metz/2019/0913

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Within the project framework of [UC] 2 a data standard was developed for measurement and simulation data sets which inherits most of the netCDF Climate and Forecast Metadata Conventions Version 1.7 (CF-1.7) 3 and is therefore also conform with the conventions of the Cooperative Ocean/Atmosphere Research Data Service (COARDS) 4 (Scherer et al, 2019b). The [UC] 2 data standard describes precisely, among other parameters, the data type, naming of variables and meta data which must be included in the data sets.…”

Section: Data Outputmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since version 4.0, the code has undergone massive changes and improvements. Above all, new components for applications of PALM in urban environments, so-called PALM-4U (PALM for urban applications) components, have been added in the scope of the Urban Climate Under Change [UC] 2 framework funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Scherer et al, 2019b;Maronga et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overview of the PALM model system 6.0

Maronga¹,

Banzhaf²,

Burmeister³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. In this paper we describe the PALM model system 6.0. PALM is a Fortran based code and has been applied for studying a variety of atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers for about 20 years. The model is optimized for use on massively parallel computer architectures. This is a follow-up paper to the PALM 4.0 model description in Maronga et al. (2015). During the last years, PALM has been significantly improved and now offers a variety of new components. In particular, much effort was made to enhance the model by components needed for applications in urban environments, like fully interactive land surface and radiation schemes, chemistry, and an indoor model. This paper serves as an overview paper of the PALM 6.0 model system and we describe its current model core. The individual components for urban applications, case studies, validation runs, and issues with suitable input data are presented and discussed in a series of companion papers in this special issue.

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Section: Data Outputmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the PALM model system 6.0

Maronga¹,

Banzhaf²,

Burmeister³

et al. 2019

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Aircraft measurements were performed with the DLR Cessna 208B Grand Caravan within the scope of the Urban Climate Under Change program [UC] 2 (Scherer et al, 2019b). While the project's main objective is to develop, apply and validate an urban climate model at high spatial resolution (<10 m) for three German cities, our airborne observational wind and temperature data of Berlin were used for the validation subproject (Scherer et al, 2019a).…”

Section: Airborne Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here we report on aircraft-based in situ measurements of atmospheric CH 4 and CO 2 mixing ratios in order to estimate GHG emissions of Berlin. Five research flights upand downwind of Berlin were conducted in July 2018 with the DLR Cessna aircraft in the framework of the Urban Climate Under Change project [UC] 2 (Scherer et al, 2019b). Berlin itself is an interesting target for studying urban GHG emissions, as it is the largest German city in terms of area and second largest city in terms of population density (Statistisches Bundesamt, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban greenhouse gas emissions from the Berlin area: A case study using airborne CO2 and CH4 in situ observations in summer 2018

Klausner¹,

Mertens²,

Huntrieser³

et al. 2020

Elem Sci Anth

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Urban areas are recognised as a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ). The total amount of urban GHG emissions, especially for CH 4 , however, is not well quantified. Here we report on airborne in situ measurements using a Picarro G1301-m analyser aboard the DLR Cessna Grand Caravan to study GHG emissions downwind of the German capital Berlin. In total, five aircraft-based mass balance experiments were conducted in July 2018 within the Urban Climate Under Change [UC] 2 project. The detection and isolation of the Berlin plume was often challenging because of comparatively small GHG signals above variable atmospheric background concentrations. However, on July 20 th enhancements of up to 4 ppm CO 2 and 21 ppb CH 4 were observed over a horizontal extent of roughly 45 to 65 km downwind of Berlin. These enhanced mixing ratios are clearly distinguishable from the background and can partly be assigned to city emissions. The estimated CO 2 emission flux of 1.39 ± 0.76 t s -1 is in agreement with current inventories, while the CH 4 emission flux of 5.20 ± 1.70 kg s -1 is almost two times larger than the highest reported value in the inventories. We localized the source area with HYSPLIT trajectory calculations and the global/regional nested chemistry climate model MECO(n) (down to ~1 km), and investigated the contribution from sewage-treatment plants and waste deposition to CH 4 , which are treated differently by the emission inventories. Our work highlights the importance of strong CH 4 sources in the vicinity of Berlin and shows, that there is limited understanding of CH 4 emissions from urban regions, even for major cities in highly developed countries like Germany. Furthermore, we show that a detailed knowledge of GHG inflow mixing ratios is necessary to suitably estimate emission rates for Berlin.

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“…In addition to near surface observations from online web sources Thorsen (2017), we also analysed radiosonde data from Lindenberg (Oolman, 2017) (last accessed on 30.07.2020), and aerosol backscatter observations from Ceilometer for 16 and 17 July 2017, to understand the vertical structure of the atmosphere in the area of interest. Ceilometer observations of aerosol back-scatter profiles were performed at the roof of the TU Campus Charlottenburg building (52.5123 • N, 13.3279 • E) as part of the Urban Climate Observatory (UCO) operated by the Chair of Climatology at Technische Universität Berlin for long-term observations of atmospheric processes in cities (Scherer et al, 2019a;Wiegner et al, 2002)) and contribute to the research program Urban Climate Under Change [UC]2 (Scherer et al, 2019b). Mixing layer heights were derived from the aerosol backscatter signal according to Geiß et al (2017).…”

Section: Numerical Setup Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an atmospheric chemistry model coupled to the PALM model system 6.0: Implementation and first applications

Khan¹,

Banzhaf²,

Chan³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. In this article we describe the implementation of an online-coupled gas-phase chemistry model in the turbulence resolving PALM model system 6.0. The new chemistry model is part of the PALM-4U components (read: PALM for you; PALM for urban applications) which are designed for application of PALM model in the urban environment (Maronga et al., 2020). The latest version of the Kinetic PreProcessor (KPP, 2.2.3), has been utilised for the numerical integration of gas-phase chemical reactions. A number of tropospheric gas-phase chemistry mechanisms of different complexity have been implemented ranging from the photostationary state to more complex mechanisms such as CBM4, which includes major pollutants namely O3, NO, NO2, CO, a simplified VOC chemistry and a small number of products. Further mechanisms can also be easily added by the user. In this work, we provide a detailed description of the chemistry model, its structure along with its various features, input requirements, its application and limitations. A case study is presented to demonstrate the application of the new chemistry model in the urban environment. The computation domain of the case study is comprised of part of Berlin, Germany, covering an area of 6.71 × 6.71 km with a horizontal resolution of 10 m. We used "PARAMETERIZED" emission mode of the chemistry model that only considers emissions from traffic sources. Three chemical mechanisms of varying complexity and one no-reaction (passive) case have been applied and results are compared with observations from two permanent air quality stations in Berlin that fall within the computation domain. The results show importance of online photochemistry and dispersion of air pollutants in the urban boundary layer. The simulated NOx and O3 species show reasonable agreement with observations. The agreement is better during midday and poorest during the evening transition hours and at night. CBM4 and SMOG mechanisms show better agreement with observations than the steady state PHSTAT mechanism.

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Urban Climate Under Change [UC]2 – A National Research Programme for Developing a Building-Resolving Atmospheric Model for Entire City Regions

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Overview of the PALM model system 6.0

Overview of the PALM model system 6.0

Urban greenhouse gas emissions from the Berlin area: A case study using airborne CO2 and CH4 in situ observations in summer 2018

Development of an atmospheric chemistry model coupled to the PALM model system 6.0: Implementation and first applications

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