Urban Computing: The Technological Framework for Smart Cities

Bouroche, Mélanie; Dusparić, Ivana

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-15145-4_5-1

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…As stated by Bouroche et al [31], spatial planning tools should address multi-objective optimisation and coordination of historical, current, and predicted spatial data. Scholars in resource management have articulated the importance of indigenous knowledge as the basis for sustainable practices.…”

Section: Planning For Marginalised Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlocking Land for Urban Agriculture: Lessons from Marginalised Areas in Johannesburg, South Africa

Nkosi

Moyo

Musonda

2022

Land

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Amidst the global discourse on the identification of strategic land, there has been a growth in planning support systems aimed at assisting policymakers in unlocking the value of strategic land. Despite planning support systems’ immense benefit of aiding planning, there are limited planning support tools to aid communities in marginalised areas to unlock the value of land. Therefore, this study adopts a GIS-based approach to develop a planning support system to identify, quantify and visualise an index for urban agricultural land in a marginalised area. The proposed solution utilised Greater Orange farm, a marginalised area in the City of Johannesburg, as a case study to inform spatial planning for emerging economies. Using the Charrette visioning process, indigenous knowledge systems were incorporated in formulating the criteria, weights, and rulesets. The results reveal spatial sites ranked through an index where sustainable investment in urban agriculture infrastructure should be targeted. The developed index identifies suitable locations for urban agriculture infrastructure and supporting programs. Furthermore, the solution builds from the existing reservoir of PSS in Southern Africa by demonstrating the potential for planning support systems as sustainable data-based decision-making tools to inform spatial planning. Lessons emerging from this study are that there is an inseparable existential connection between indigenous knowledge systems and contemporary sustainability planning, which is critical for ensuring sustainable development.

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Section: Planning For Marginalised Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlocking Land for Urban Agriculture: Lessons from Marginalised Areas in Johannesburg, South Africa

Nkosi

Moyo

Musonda

2022

Land

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“…After correctly classifying and reprocessing IoT data, the user receives information at the required time [24]. Each IoT device generates various types of data and forms a cyclic structure where other IoTs use the data for learning [25]. In urban computing, where various devices are networked and share various kinds of information, data security is essential, and there must be a guarantee of integrity that verifies that no data tampering has occurred.…”

Section: B Urban Computingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Blockchain-Based Group and Group Key Management Scheme Exploiting Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Urban Computing

2022

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In urban computing composed of various Internet of Things (IoT) devices, data collected from IoT as learning data for other IoT devices in a circular structure. Therefore, data are shared resources and crucial in urban computing. In particular, group communication is essential for effective data sharing and to updating software in an IoT system. However, changing the group key is imperative for data security in group communication whenever the group member changes. When the movement of IoTs is high, group key redistribution must be repeated because the group membership keeps changing. In changing and redistributing the group keys, overhead occurs, inevitably degrading system performance. In addition, since much data traffic generates in IoT devices' crowded areas, transmission delay and data loss could degrade system performance. Due to IoT's low power and low capacity characteristics, one-to-one communication is inefficient, requiring efficient group management and group key management. This work proposes a hierarchical blockchain-based group and group key management scheme to establish an efficient communication environment in urban computing. We adopted blockchains to track the movement and density of IoT and secure node authorization. Using the upper layer blockchain, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) determines the movement and density of IoTs. Using the lower-layer blockchain, base stations (BSs) identify the IoT's movement of information in each group. We included only nodes determined to be safe in the group. Through the hierarchical blockchain, while protecting the IoT's privacy, we can record the information in the blockchain to determine the mobility of nodes and the node density of a group. We set several experimental environments, and analyzed the efficiency by simulating the addition of secondary gateways and group integration. As a result, we showed that our proposal establishes an efficient communication environment and reduces computational and communication overhead.INDEX TERMS group management, group key management, urban computing, internet of things, blockchain, unmanned aerial vehicle, data security, privacy

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“…These sensors are associated with various objects, e.g., municipal waste bins, traffic lights, smart parking devices, etc., within smart cities to collect essential data for effective and efficient management of the city operations. These enormous amounts of data need to be transmitted, often in real time, to be processed, and to be analyzed to actuate appropriate mechanisms (see, e.g., Bouroche and Dusparic 2020). In this regard, the latest years have shown significant interest in the concept of oIoT, disregarding the more expensive alternative requiring the construction of telecommunication networks that require an infinitely high amount of bandwidth.…”

Section: Omas and Oiot Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To cope with these issues, smart cities rely on sensing technologies to gather data, analyze them, and make decisions able to minimize the environmental impact as well as maximize citizens' well-being. As argued in Bouroche and Dusparic (2020), optimization models and algorithms (OMAs) play a fundamental role in moving from data to a policy or an operational process to be implemented to optimize urban operations. Several smart city services have taken advantage of OMAs to enhance their efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization Problems Under Uncertainty in Smart Cities

Fadda¹,

Tiotsop²,

Manerba³

et al. 2020

Handbook of Smart Cities

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Combinatorial optimization has proven to be a valuable tool in several real case applications. With the advent of smart cities, it has naturally been leveraged by both researchers and industries to deal with problems such as optimal allocation of urban services, effective management of scarce resources, planning of logistic operations over congested networks, and pollution reduction. In practice, these problems are turned into optimization models, and their solution reveals the best tactical or operational policy able to maximize a particular utility or minimize a particular cost. Typically, several parameters involved in these models (e.g., people's behavior and market fluctuations) are influenced by many uncertain variables that are only partially or not known by the decision-maker. This lack of knowledge can be dealt with by using specific optimization paradigms such as the Robust Optimization or the Stochastic Programming. Nevertheless, the complexity of these models precludes, in most cases, to find an optimal solution. Thus, approximation methods have to be considered. This chapter presents several applications leveraging optimization models and algorithms for effective management of urban areas and their operations and a novel and efficient Extreme Values Theory-based deterministic approximation framework to cope with uncertainty in smart cities' optimization and planning.

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Urban Computing: The Technological Framework for Smart Cities

Cited by 8 publications

References 69 publications

Unlocking Land for Urban Agriculture: Lessons from Marginalised Areas in Johannesburg, South Africa

Unlocking Land for Urban Agriculture: Lessons from Marginalised Areas in Johannesburg, South Africa

Hierarchical Blockchain-Based Group and Group Key Management Scheme Exploiting Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Urban Computing

Optimization Problems Under Uncertainty in Smart Cities

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