Urban Convergence: Morphology and Attraction

Krafta, Rômulo

doi:10.1068/b230037

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The notion of economic specialisation is rather broad and it includes both the number and diversity of economic activities in cities. In this paper, we narrow this down and operationalise it as the concentration of food and retail services commonly found in central urban locations and generally recognised as pedestrian-oriented [18,[47][48][49][50].…”

Section: Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure of Plot Systems and Economic Activity in Cities: Linking Plot Types to Retail and Food Services in London, Amsterdam and Stockholm

et al. 2019

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Plot systems (also referred to as “property”, “parcel”, or “lot”) are generally recognised as the organisational framework of urban form that contributes to the economic performance of cities. However, studies that link the spatial form of plots to economic data are limited. The paper builds on the theory of Webster and Lai, which argues that the process of urbanisation is aligned with increased subdivision of property rights (increased division of land into plots, for example) due to the process of economic specialisation that is typical of cities. The aim of the paper is to test this theory by analysing whether there is a correlation between: (a) the shape and structure of plot systems, which are classified as types based on three plot metrics (size, compactness, and frontage index) and b) economic activity, measured as the concentration of retail and food activities per plot. The paper will use statistical analysis to relate plot types to economic activity in three European cities (London, Amsterdam, and Stockholm). The results provide empirical support for our initial hypothesis and Webster and Lai’s theory, which states that plots of smaller size, more regular shape, and smaller frontage generally correspond to a higher concentration of economic activity in cities.

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Section: Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model for economic activity includes the concentration of retail and food services, because, in general, such activities are recognised as typically pedestrian-related [18,[47][48][49][50]. The model is based on point data taken from Open Street Map.…”

Section: Step 2 Dependent Variables: Concentration Of Economic Activmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of Plot Systems and Economic Activity in Cities: Linking Plot Types to Retail and Food Services in London, Amsterdam and Stockholm

et al. 2019

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“…The first attempts to investigate the impact of spatial configuration at this scale were in the work of the Centre for Land Use and Built Form Studies at Cambridge University (March and Steadman, 1971;Martin and March, 1972;Steadman, 1983) which focused particularly on some of the problems of applying geometry and other mathematical tools to the description and analysis of the complex layouts typical of large 6 buildings and urban spaces. Research in this field is still active (see Hillier et al, 1993, Krafta, 19941996). However, configuration is sometimes assigned an almost mystical importance.…”

Section: Explaining Pedestrian Movement Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cellular automata models have been developed and proved useful for the simulation of urban traffic (see for example, Esser and Schreckenburg, 1997;Chopard et al, 1995;1996). However, these do not really fit the agent paradigm and are not considered here.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“So Go Downtown”: Simulating Pedestrian Movement in Town Centres

Haklay

O’Sullivan

Thurstain-Goodwin

et al. 2001

Environ Plann B Plann Des

112

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Pedestrian movement models have been developed since the 1970s. A review of the literature shows that such models have been developed to explain and predict macro, meso, and micro movement patterns. However, recent developments in modelling techniques, and especially advances in agent-based simulation, open up the possibility of developing integrative and complex models which use existing models as ‘building blocks’. In this paper we describe such integrative, modular approach to simulating pedestrian movement behaviour. The STREETS model, developed by using Swarm and GIS, is an agent-based model that focuses on the simulation of the behavioural aspects of pedestrian movement. The modular structure of the simulation is described in detail. This is followed by a discussion of the lessons learned from the development of STREETS, especially the advantages of adopting a modular approach and other aspects of using the agent-based paradigm for modelling.

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“…In this version, each point of the network system, representing urban facilities, will be labeled as an 'origin' or a 'destination' which restricts the choice of possible pairs between which to search for the shortest paths allows us to proceed with any other calculations. (Krafta, 1996) Secondly, pedestrian movement generally terminates or initiates a chain of linked activities, and if it treated in detail, a single pedestrian movement is found to include a considerable number of subjourneys from one location to another. (Kerridge, 2001) In this sense, the variants of the model that we illustrate here will not apply to movements in residential neighborhoods or in work trip contexts.…”

Section: Model's Description 2 -Agent's Behavior Rulementioning

confidence: 99%

Network based Multi Agent Simulation Analysis - Part 1 : Model Development -

Yoon

Fujii

2008

Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering

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This study begins with a hypothesis that pedestrian movement can be considered as an outcome of two distinct components -(1) the configuration of street network and (2) the location of specific attractions (urban facilities -shops, offices, pubic buildings etc.) within a network. The objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between geometrical factors of street network and socio-economic process between urban attractors and pedestrians. With this purpose, a new analytical model will be developed, whereby two well-known analytical methods of spatial analysis in architectural or urban field is combinednetwork analysis and multi agent system. Mainly centrality measures of network analysis will be compared to the volume of pedestrian flow from the agent simulation model. This comparison will generate a picture that demonstrates the existence of two types of factors in the performance of urban spaces. -1) from the street network which is geometrical, static, predictable, 2) from the process which is relatively probabilistic, complex and unpredictable. This paper is the 1st step of continuous research, to determine the necessary concept through critical review of the two methods, establish an outline of the new model, and simulation of a small virtual street network.

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Urban Convergence: Morphology and Attraction

Cited by 20 publications

References 4 publications

Structure of Plot Systems and Economic Activity in Cities: Linking Plot Types to Retail and Food Services in London, Amsterdam and Stockholm

Structure of Plot Systems and Economic Activity in Cities: Linking Plot Types to Retail and Food Services in London, Amsterdam and Stockholm

“So Go Downtown”: Simulating Pedestrian Movement in Town Centres

Network based Multi Agent Simulation Analysis - Part 1 : Model Development -

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