Urban Flood Simulation Using Synthetic Storm Drain Networks

Abstract

Recent developments in urban drainage modelling allow for a more realistic coupling of the two-dimensional (2D) surface and one-dimensional (1D) sub-surface drainage domain exchanging water through storm drain inlets instead of a sub-catchment approach based on manholes. Experience has shown, however, that comprehensive records of storm drain inlet locations are often missing or incomplete, preventing users accessing the full benefit of these modelling capabilities. Therefore, this study developed a GIS routine to generate synthetic storm drain inlet locations for the purpose of urban flood modelling. Hydrodynamic model results for a synthetically generated and surveyed storm drain inlet network were obtained using the CityCAT 1D/2D system. On a catchment scale the flow field (surface and flow captured by inlets) simulated by the network of synthetic storm drainage inlets shows satisfactory results when compared with that simulated using the actual network. The results also highlight the sensitivity of the inflows to relatively small changes in terms of the location of storm drain inlets and the effectiveness of storm drain inlets in ponding areas.

Hybrid Numerical Scheme of Preissmann Slot Model for Transient Mixed Flows

“…Because of their superior performance, the upwind flux solver has been preferred over general hyperbolic conservation systems such as compressible flow, hydrodynamics systems, and shallow water systems, etc. [3,13,16,[19][20][21]. However, for the Preissmann slot model, the monotonicity is not guaranteed by the widely used Riemann flux solvers because of the highly irregular shapes of pipes connected to the hypothetical slot, as presented in numerous previous works [5,10,22], whereas it is preserved for a regular-shaped flow domain.…”

“…Previous research [1,2] has shown that a compressible one-dimensional fluid equation with a linearized pressure law is an attractive alternative for modeling of transient mixed flows in pipe; however, a compressible fluid system is more complex to solve than a one-dimensional shallow water system usually used to represent open channel flows. The Preissmann slot model can avoid this difficulty and has been widely used to solve multiple flow conditions in sewer systems [3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

“…Ref. [3] proposed two methods based on the Roe's flux scheme to prevent spurious oscillations. The first method is to introduce the artificial viscosity, which gradually increases with respect to the wave velocity.…”

Pluvial Flood Risk Assessment Tool (PFRA) for Rainwater Management and Adaptation to Climate Change in Newly Urbanised Areas

“…Their solution combines rainwater management with computer-aided design (CAD) software, and offers a visualisation of the landscape and buildings, runoff flow paths, and directions analysis, as well as a friendly interface developed with architects and landscape designers in mind. The newly-developed City Catchment Analysis Tool (CityCAT) can be applied for designing better urban drainage and locating storm drain inlets [43].…”

A Location Intelligence System for the Assessment of Pluvial Flooding Risk and the Identification of Storm Water Pollutant Sources from Roads in Suburbanised Areas

“…Chen et al [8] developed a planning support model that combines rainwater management with Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software. Finally, the City Catchment Analysis Tool (CityCAT) by Bertsch et al [64] can be applied for better urban drainage designing and locating storm drain inlets. Overall, integrated systems combine pluvial flood risk mapping with water management tasks, as well as the economic effectiveness of flood control and adaptation measures [14].…”