Urban Form and Thermal Efficiency:<i>How the Design of Cities Influences the Urban Heat Island Effect</i>

Stone, Brian; Rodgers, Michael O.

doi:10.1080/01944360108976228

Cited by 290 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Finally, the land architecture of urban areas, from the parcel to larger levels of assessment, has been hypothesized to amplify or ameliorate ecosystem services, such as those related to SUHI effects (Turner et al, 2013). Nascent research suggests that, controlling for land composition, edge and patch densities, landscape shape index, and fractal dimensions (FRAGSTAT metrics) of land covers hold significant consequences for land surface temperatures (Buyantuyev & Wu, 2010;Connors et al, 2013;Li et al, 2011;Li et al, 2012;Middel, Brazel, Kaplan, & Myint, 2012;Middel et al, 2014;Stone & Rodgers, 2001;Zhang, Odeh, & Ramadan, 2013;Zhang, Zhong, Feng, & Wang, 2009;Zhou et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, this research has focused on the relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and particular land-cover types (or land composition) (e.g. Chow & Brazel, 2012;Li, Song, Cao, Meng, & Wu, 2011;Middel, Häb, Brazel, Martin, & Guhathakurta, 2014;Stone & Rodgers, 2001;Zheng, Myint, & Fan, 2014;Zhou et al, 2011), and between spatial thermal patterns and social economic factors (Buyantuyev & Wu, 2010;Harlan et al, 2006;Hondula et al, 2013;Huang, Zhou, & Cadenasso, 2011;Jenerette, Harlan, Stefanov, & Martin, 2011). Recently, however, attention to land system architecture (Turner, Janetos, Verburg, & Murray, 2013)-the composition and configuration (e.g., size, shape, patterns, and connectivity) of the urban land cover-on SUHI has been examined in regard to possible UHI mitigation strategies (Chen, Zhao, Li, & Yin, 2006;Connors, Galletti, & Chow, 2013;Li, Zhou, Quyang, & Zheng, 2012;Li et al, 2013b;Zhou et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Remote sensing of the surface urban heat island and land architecture in Phoenix, Arizona: Combined effects of land composition and configuration and cadastral–demographic–economic factors

Middel

et al. 2016

Remote Sensing of Environment

206

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This study seeks to determine the role of land architecture-the composition and configuration of land cover-as well as cadastral-demographic-economic factors on land surface temperature (LST) and the surface urban heat island effect of Phoenix, Arizona. It employs 1 m National Agricultural Imagery Program data of land-cover with 120 m Landsat-derived land surface temperature, decomposed to 30 m, a new measure of configuration, the normalized moment of inertia, and U.S. Census data to address the question for two randomly selected samples comprising 523 and 545 residential neighborhoods (census blocks) in the city. The results indicate that, contrary to most other studies, land configuration has a stronger influence on LST than land composition. In addition, both land configuration and architecture combined with cadastral, demographic, and economic variables, capture a significant amount of explained variance in LST. The results indicate that attention to land architecture in the development of or reshaping of neighborhoods may ameliorate the summer extremes in LST.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote sensing of the surface urban heat island and land architecture in Phoenix, Arizona: Combined effects of land composition and configuration and cadastral–demographic–economic factors

Middel

et al. 2016

Remote Sensing of Environment

206

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“…By observing water, waste, and energy flows at a high spatial and temporal resolution, operational inefficiencies can be identified based on expected and predicted consumption patterns given various conditions present within a neighborhood at any specific point in time. For example, the effects of the urban heat island on the local microclimate and resulting impacts on heating and cooling loads in buildings remain little understood, and the knowledge at hand has not informed urban design and planning guidelines (Stone and Rodgers, 2001). Synoptic imaging of the urban heat island effect, within and surrounding the QC, coupled with localized temperature measurements, building material properties, and real-time occupancy and energy consumption data from within the QC, can be used to analyze the diurnal effects of the urban heat island on resource consumption and building thermal efficiency.…”

Section: Use Cases and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Quantified Community and Neighborhood Labs: A Framework for Computational Urban Science and Civic Technology Innovation

Kontokosta¹

2016

Journal of Urban Technology

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Instrumentation of the urban environment is not by itself sufficient to have a meaningful impact on the quality, sustainability, and resilience of cities -or more broadly on urban policy and planning. Understanding the social, economic, and cultural dynamics of urban life requires both an appreciation of the social sciences and a substantive engagement with communities across neighborhoods. The "Smart City" messaging is replete with claims of the potential for sensors and information and communication technologies (ICT) to re-shape urban life, although such rhetoric ignores the practical realities and constraints of urban decision-making and the social and distributional concerns of policy outcomes. Rather, significant progress could be achieved at the neighborhood scale by focusing diverse, intensive, and persistent real-time data collection and analysis on a "Quantified Community" (QC). The QC-a long-term neighborhood informatics research initiative-is a network of instrumented urban neighborhoods that collect, measure, and analyze data on physical and environmental conditions and human behavior to provide a rich resource to better understand how neighborhoods and the built environment affect individual and social well-being. The resulting unique experimental environment provides a testing ground for new physical and informatics technologies, policies, and behavioral interventions, allowing for unprecedented studies in urban planning and design, urban systems engineering and management, and the social sciences. Focusing on the neighborhood scale also allows for meaningful interaction with, and participation by, the people who live, work, and play in that space and shifts the emphasis of data-driven design away from top-down routinization to a human-centric problem-solving. This paper presents the conceptual framework and justification for the QC, built on the lessons learned from three initial deployments in New York City, and a networked experimental environment of neighborhood labs.

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“…The two radically different proposals are designed also differently from passive strategies' point of view. Passive urban form design is believed to affect indoor energy consumption and thermal performance so that energy supplies can be minimized [3,4,7,9]. As the main objective of passive design is to minimize indoor heat gain/loss so that energy is saved, first design case, C1 provide cooling/heating by compact form tunneling and thermal mass effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temperature increases due to climate change are further exasperated within urban areas due to hard urban surfaces, reduced porosity, and deep canyons preventing radiation release and ventilation [1][2][3][4]. Careful design of urban form and the use of green infrastructure can mitigate this effect [5]; many studies showed the benefits of vegetation such as trees [6][7][8][9] and Parks [10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Thermal Impact Assessment of Regenerated Urban Form: A Case Study in Sheffield

Fahmy¹,

Hathway²,

Pattacini³

et al. 2011

Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings

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Urban comfort is becoming increasingly important due to climate change, increasing population and urbanization. Greater use of mechanical cooling is not reasonable due to consuming more energy, discharging anthropogenic heat and CO 2 emissions which all can be minimized by passive strategies. As part of the EPSRC funded project Urban River Corridors and Sustainable Living Agendas, URSULA, two radically different urban regenerations for a site in Sheffield were passively designed and had to be microclimatically assessed upon their thermal impacts. Passive design strategy for the first is wind tunneling and solar shelter effects owed to compact form that provides river bank access by perpendicular streets. The second, park option, offers space for the river to flood into a green channel which provides evaporative cooling. Simulations using ENVI-met BETA4 applied four receptors to record different meteorology and the pedestrian comfort in terms of Predicted Mean Vote, PMV. The increased green coverage showed horizontal shifting of about 0.2 with 2h of urban time lag in PMV records from 14.00-16.00LST in some places. Results give advantage for the park option design but needs more emphasize on indoor performance.

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Urban Form and Thermal Efficiency:How the Design of Cities Influences the Urban Heat Island Effect

Cited by 290 publications

References 6 publications

Remote sensing of the surface urban heat island and land architecture in Phoenix, Arizona: Combined effects of land composition and configuration and cadastral–demographic–economic factors

Remote sensing of the surface urban heat island and land architecture in Phoenix, Arizona: Combined effects of land composition and configuration and cadastral–demographic–economic factors

The Quantified Community and Neighborhood Labs: A Framework for Computational Urban Science and Civic Technology Innovation

Environmental Thermal Impact Assessment of Regenerated Urban Form: A Case Study in Sheffield

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