Urban green infrastructure planning in Ethiopia: The case of emerging towns of Oromia special zone surrounding Finfinne

Girma, Yared; Terefe, Heyaw; Pauleit, Stephan; Kindu, Mengistie

doi:10.1016/j.jum.2018.09.004

Cited by 57 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This is indicative of the development of small urban patches around the outlying of the city and along the major roads. Such ad-hoc development also highlights unregulated urban expansion patterns [15,19,21,42,57,65]. Enaruvbe and Atafo (2018) suggested the loss of farming land in recent years might also be a sign of the periurban land becoming urban due to the higher land price in the city center and more accessible urban fringes.…”

Section: Urban Landscape Dynamics and Associated Triggersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanization in Small Cities and Their Significant Implications on Landscape Structures: The Case in Ethiopia

et al. 2020

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Fundamental ideas concerning urbanization are primarily based on studies performed in large cities. It is of interest to study whether or not similar phenomena take place in smaller cities. Small cities are an inherent component of urbanization, and in the future, the majority of globalization is expected to occur in small and mid-sized cities. Understanding the effects of small cities on landscape structures is, therefore, an essential component in planning city land expansion. Accordingly, this study focused on six towns of the Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinnee, Ethiopia, which is broadly known to be experiencing dramatic growth. Time-series Landsat images from 1987 to 2019 with an integrated method, landscape metrics, and built-up density analysis were employed to characterize and compare the dynamics of landscape structures, urban expansion patterns, process, and overall growth status in the towns. The results highlight that all the towns experienced accelerated growth in the built-up areas and highly scattered nature in spatial growth. Landscape ecology analysis confirmed a highly fragmented urban landscape, a significant loss of natural land covers, and disconnected and complicated agro-vegetation patches in all towns, suggesting a lack of rigorous implementation of the master plan. Results also indicated that the Oromia Special Zone surrounding Finfinnee has failed to control urban sprawl to surrounding ecological sensitive areas. The study results, more broadly, highlight that the small cities would have a limited physical and demographic footprint and relatively less contribution to the national economic agglomeration; nonetheless, they can have a notable and important impact in terms of their ecological and environmental influence. Hence, the study suggests policies for monitoring such dynamics and protecting agro-environmental connectivity with particular focus on the small cities.Sustainability 2020, 12, 1235 2 of 19 infrastructure and services. Whereas a compact spatial form can assist in implementing an enhanced transportation system as well as minimize the consumption of traffic energy-efficiency and resource utilization such as water pipe networks and drainage system [6,7]. However, some studies argue that the potential for damage to urban green spaces [8], increased traffic congestion, pollution, and crowded services [9] are notable shortcomings of compacting urban development. Even though there is some controversy regarding spatial growth types, the general agreement is that the urban spatial morphology can determine the social, environmental, and ecological situations of a city. Consequently, exploration of the urban spatial dynamics and landscape structures analysis continues to of interest due to its high importance in creating sustainable cities.Several studies have investigated the effects of urban expansion on the landscape composition and configuration [10][11][12], investigating the existing and projected urban land dynamics [13], and exploring the patterns and possible drivers [...

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Section: Urban Landscape Dynamics and Associated Triggersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanization in Small Cities and Their Significant Implications on Landscape Structures: The Case in Ethiopia

et al. 2020

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“… The Ethiopian National Urban Green Infrastructure Standard of has a goal to create ecologically well functioning, aesthetically pleasing and socially beneficial green spaces in cities and provide suitable, sufficient and ecologically viable green spaces for recreational, social, economic and environmental needs of the community; and  The Green Infrastructure Based Landscape Design Supporting Manual, developed in 2011, proposes to develop street tree plantings for shading, mitigating the urban heat island effect, reducing runoff and sequestering carbon [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Greening of Mekelle, Capital City of Tigray in Northern Ethiopia

2020

International Journal of Research in Environmental Science

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It took more than ten thousand years, up to 1960, for the world"s urban population to reach one billion people. The next billion was achieved in 25 years (1960-1985) and the third billion 17 years (1985-2002). The increase in urban populations from three billion to four billion took only 10 years (2002-2012) [1]. Urbanization, the migration of people from rural to urban locations, is among the most important economic and social changes occurring in low-and middle-income nations. Population size and its rate of change in urban centres are influenced not only by international and national factors but also by local factors related to the particular local context such as site, location, natural resource endowment, demographic structure, existing economy and infrastructure (the legacy of past decisions and investments) and the quality and capacity of public institutions [2]. Ethiopia has one of the lowest percentages of urban dwellers in the world. Urbanization is nonetheless proceeding apace. From a little over 6 per cent of the total in 1960 the proportion of urban dwellers rose to over 20 per cent in 2017 [3]. In addition to the factors listed in the preceding paragraph those propelling urbanization in Ethiopia include rainfall variability and its long term decline in a primarily agrarian economy [4-65]. Employment opportunities in cities are one of the main pull factors of rural-urban migration involving higher wages than obtainable in rural areas. Other factors include the provision of education and the availability of medical services. Poor living conditions, limited availability of land for agriculture and the lack of opportunities for paid employment in rural areas are push factors for the move from rural to urban environments. The impact of urbanization on local temperatures has been investigated since the 1980s and the increase in temperature has been called the "Urban Heat Island" effect. Transition from a rural to an urban situation results in changed landscape conditions and modification of the urban climate with concomitant problems including water use and quality, increased air pollution and production of solid waste and sewage. Rapid and increased urbanization is expected to lead to considerable impacts on a broader scale, especially in developing countries. These impacts will include greater energy use, increased demand for goods and services and other resources demand. Changes in food supplies, Abstract:: Mekelle is the economic, cultural and social centre of northern Ethiopia. Its area and population, following a period of slow growth, both expanded rapidly in the 1980s to the 2010s. Consequent on a series of droughts and famines in the early 1970s efforts were made to prevent the degradation of the local environment by terracing steep hillsides and planting trees as anti-erosion measures. In the long term these tentatives were less than completely successful. Vegetation in church compounds at that time wasand still is-an important green area and was partially representative of the historic vegetati...

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“…The United States has incorporated the GI development policy into the legislative framework because they believe that the GI policy serves humanity in particular and the climate and the environment (Roe & Mell, 2013). Several types of research have been conducted on GI planning in developed countries, while very little has been done in the developing ones (Girma et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives of Practitioners on the Green Infrastructure in Mukalla City, Yemen

Bagazi

Asmawi

Mahamod

et al. 2021

MJSSH

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Green infrastructure (GI) is a new term that aims to accomplish sustainable development. It is a platform to achieve a balance between environmental preservation and urban development and achieve economic, social and environmental benefits. However, many countries are suffering from a lack of investment in GI benefits, especially developing countries. Therefore, this study aims to assess the level of attitude among practitioners through assessing their willingness to invest in GI benefits. A quantitative research approach and the questionnaire were designed, containing 17 main benefits of GI to achieve the aim of this study. The questionnaires were distributed manually to the agencies of planning and designing of urban area in Mukalla city. The total number of completed questionnaires entered into this study was 82—the SPSS program approved for results analysis. Relative important index (RII) was used to rank the items, means (X̄) was used to assess the level of attitude among practitioners. Pearson's Chi-square test (χ2) was used to explore the impact of the demographic factors of practitioners on their attitude. In contrast, multiple linear regression was used to predict the relation between attitude and demographic factors. Firstly, the overall means (X̄) revealed that the GI attitude among practitioners in Mukalla city was positive. Secondly, the cross-tabulation revealed that all-male, old and non-government practitioners having a positive attitude, similarly all highly experienced and postgraduate practitioners also had a positive attitude. Pearson's Chi-square test (χ2) showed that experience has no significant influence on GI's economic, social and environmental benefits. Thirdly, multiple linear regression showed that gender and education of practitioners contribute positively toward increasing the level of attitude among practitioners in Mukalla city.

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Urban green infrastructure planning in Ethiopia: The case of emerging towns of Oromia special zone surrounding Finfinne

Cited by 57 publications

References 18 publications

Urbanization in Small Cities and Their Significant Implications on Landscape Structures: The Case in Ethiopia

Urbanization in Small Cities and Their Significant Implications on Landscape Structures: The Case in Ethiopia

The Greening of Mekelle, Capital City of Tigray in Northern Ethiopia

Perspectives of Practitioners on the Green Infrastructure in Mukalla City, Yemen

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