Urban greenness and mortality in Canada's largest cities: a national cohort study

Crouse, Dan L.; Pinault, Lauren; Balram, Adele; Hystad, Perry; Peters, Paul A.; Chen, Hong; Donkelaar, Aaron van; Martin, Randall V.; Ménard, Richard; Robichaud, Alain; Villeneuve, Paul J.

doi:10.1016/s2542-5196(17)30118-3

Cited by 256 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In summary, evidence for the relationship between higher levels of greenness and lower mortality strengthened considerably with the addition of large prospective cohort studies corroborating previous findings [23,51,52], although it should be noted that the evidence is not entirely consistent [53]. In addition, a study in Europe and another in Asia showed that greenness may attenuate associations between extreme heat and mortality [54,55].…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Two studies referenced above examined cause-specific mortality, and found that higher levels of NDVI were associated with lower risk of cardiovascular mortality [23,51], but another study [52], did not find an association between NDVI and cardiovascular mortality.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the current literature, large prospective studies have been addressing the relationship between greenness exposure, measured through NDVI, and mortality [23,51–53]. A prospective cohort study analyzed data from 108,630 female nurses in the US followed for 627,008 person-years from 2000–2008 and found that per 0.1 NDVI increase, their mortality was a 12% (95% CI: 6, 18) lower [52].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strongest findings were for cancer and respiratory mortality, and mediation analyses suggested that the mental health pathway explained 30% of the association. Another large cohort study consisting of 1.3 million adult Canadians across 30 cities showed that higher levels of greenness were associated with lower all-cause mortality, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality [51]. Associations were strongest among men and those with higher income and education.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Epidemiologic Studies on Greenness and Health: Updated Literature Through 2017

Fong

Hart

James

2018

Curr Envir Health Rpt

420

290

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Purpose of review Many studies suggest that exposure to natural vegetation, or greenness, may be beneficial for a variety of health outcomes. We summarize the recent research in this area. Recent findings We observed consistent and strong evidence of associations for higher greenness with improvements in birth weights and physical activity, as well as lower mortality rates. Recent studies also suggested that exposure to greenness may lower levels of depression and depressive symptoms. The evidence on greenness and cardiovascular health remains mixed. Findings are also inconsistent for greenness measures and asthma and allergies. Summary Our knowledge of the impacts of greenness on a wide variety of health outcomes continues to evolve. Future research should incorporate information on specific species and some qualities of natural greenness that might drive health outcomes, integrate exposure assessments that incorporate personal mobility into analyses, and include prospective designs to add to the growing evidence that nature exposure positively affects health.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Epidemiologic Studies on Greenness and Health: Updated Literature Through 2017

Fong

Hart

James

2018

Curr Envir Health Rpt

420

290

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Moreover, the term living wage (or even the word 'wage' makes no appearance)-which seems odd given its connection to positive mental health and the healthy behaviors, (including healthy dietary patterns and opportunity for recreation) which planetary health is attempting to promote [211][212][213][214][215][216][217][218]. Affluent populations might have more true leisure time, and tend to spend more time outside and enjoying nature, because they can afford to [219]. How can an individual establish an emotional connection to nature while working extended hours (or two much-less-than-living-wage jobs!)…”

Section: Academic Planetary Health Expanding the Discoursementioning

confidence: 99%

Larger Than Life: Injecting Hope into the Planetary Health Paradigm

Prescott

Logan

2018

Challenges

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Abstract:The term planetary health, popularized in the 1980s and 1990s, was born out of necessity; although the term was used by many diverse groups, it was consistently used to underscore that human health is coupled to the health of natural systems within the Earth's biosphere. The interrelated challenges of climate change, massive biodiversity losses, environmental degradation, grotesque socioeconomic inequalities, conflicts, and a crisis of non-communicable diseases are, mildly stated, daunting. Despite 'doomsday' scenarios, there is plenty of room for hope and optimism in planetary health. All over planet Earth, humans are making efforts at the macro, meso and micro scales to promote the health of civilization with the ingredients of hope-agency and pathway thinking; we propose that planetary health requires a greater commitment to understanding hope at the personal and collective levels. Prioritizing hope as an asset in planetary health necessitates deeper knowledge and discourse concerning the barriers to hope and the ways in which hope and the utopian impulse are corrupted; in particular, it requires examining the ways in which hope is leveraged by advantaged groups and political actors to maintain the status quo, or even promote retrograde visions completely at odds with planetary health. Viewing the Earth as a superorganism, with humans as the collective 'nervous system', may help with an understanding of the ways in which experience and emotions lead to behavioral responses that may, or may not be, in the best interest of planetary health. We argue that the success of planetary health solutions is predicated on a more sophisticated understanding of the psychology of prevention and intervention at all scales.

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Association Between Residential Greenness, Cardiometabolic Disorders, and Cardiovascular Disease Among Adults in China

Yang

Jalaludin

et al. 2020

JAMA Netw Open

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Key Points Question Is the general vegetation level of a residential area, referred to as residential greenness, associated with cardiovascular disease among adults, and does the presence of cardiometabolic disorders mediate or modify the association between residential greenness and cardiovascular disease? Findings In this cross-sectional study of 24 845 adults in China, residential areas with higher greenness levels were associated with a lower likelihood of cardiovascular disease. The presence of cardiometabolic disorders partially mediated the association between residential greenness and cardiovascular disease. Meaning The study’s findings may be helpful for health care professionals and policy makers in the development of strategies, such as planning for green spaces in residential areas, to mitigate the burden of cardiovascular disease.

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Urban greenness and mortality in Canada's largest cities: a national cohort study

Abstract: None.

Cited by 256 publications

References 24 publications

A Review of Epidemiologic Studies on Greenness and Health: Updated Literature Through 2017

A Review of Epidemiologic Studies on Greenness and Health: Updated Literature Through 2017

Larger Than Life: Injecting Hope into the Planetary Health Paradigm

Association Between Residential Greenness, Cardiometabolic Disorders, and Cardiovascular Disease Among Adults in China

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