Urban greenways have the potential to increase physical activity levels cost-effectively

Dallat, Mary; Soerjomataram, Isabelle; Hunter, Ruth F.; Tully, Mark A.; Cairns, Karen; Kee, Frank

doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckt035

Cited by 60 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Two studies looked at interventions in a number of European cities (49,53). Nine studies were undertaken in England (35, 38, 41, 55-57, 60, 61, 63), one in Scotland (59), one in Ireland (40) and one in Northern Ireland (65). Six studies were undertaken in the United States (37, 44-46, 58, 62), one in New Zealand (48) and seven studies were undertaken in Australia (34,42,50,54,64,66,67).…”

Section: Setting and Location (Cheers Item 5)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only eight studies reported their perspectives explicitly. Four applied a health sector perspective (58,62,64,65), one a public payer perspective (26), two a societal perspective (66,67) and one used both a health sector and a societal perspective (35). Economic evaluation entails the incremental assessment of both the costs and benefits of an intervention against an alternative option.…”

Section: Study Perspective and Comparators (Cheers Items 6-7)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two studies estimated indicative diversion rates from intercept surveys or user counts of similar active transport infrastructure (54,61). Three studies based estimates of effect on values from the literature (35,41,65) and four studies assumed estimates of effect (26,42,44,60). Five studies used demand forecasting or simulation modelling (34,36,37,48,58) and two studies applied regression analysis based on built environment attributes to estimate demand for active travel (45,53).…”

Section: Measurement Of Effectiveness (Cheers Item 11)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two methodologies for inclusion of health outcomes were identified: the Assessing Cost Effectiveness (ACE) approach (64,66,67) and the PREVENT model (65). Both methods apply the concept of population impact fraction (PIF) to estimate the change in future incidence of diseases.…”

Section: Mortality and Morbidity Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The context and relevance of the studies also differed between peer-reviewed and grey literature (CHEERS item 3). Generally, peer-reviewed studies presented a case for the inclusion of health outcomes of transport interventions or assessed changes in population health attributable to active transport and were undertaken to build the evidence for the inclusion of physical activity related health effects into transport appraisal (27,35,40,44,45,48,51,53,58,62,(64)(65)(66)(67). Studies from the grey literature and reference list searches were mostly reports developed by government or non-government organisations, with several of the economic evaluations being undertaken as supporting case -studies or as part of broader guiding documents (34, 37-39, 42, 46, 49, 50, 54-57, 59, 60, 63).…”

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confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of economic analyses of active transport interventions that include physical activity benefits

et al. 2016

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Physical inactivity is one of the leading causes for the growing prevalence of non-communicable diseases worldwide and there is a need for more evidence on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions that aim to increase physical activity at the population level. This study aimed to update a systematic review published in 2008 by searching peer-reviewed and unpublished literature of economic evaluations of transport interventions that incorporate the health related effects of physical activity. Our analysis of methods for the inclusion of physical activity related health effects into transport appraisal over time demonstrates that methodological progress has been made. Thirtysix studies were included, reflecting an increasing recognition of the importance of incorporating these health effects into transport appraisal. However, significant methodological challenges in the incorporation of wider health benefits into transport appraisal still e xist. The inclusion of physical activity related health effects is currently limited by paucity of evidence on morbidity effects and of more rigorous evidence on the effectiveness of interventions. Significant scope exists for better quality and more transparent reporting. A more consistent approach to the inclusion of benefits and disbenefits would reinforce the synergies between the health, environmental, transport and other sectors. From a transport sector perspective the inclusion of physical activi ty related health benefits positively impacts cost effectiveness, with the potential to contribute to a more efficient allocation of scarce resources based on a more comprehensive range of merits. From a public health perspective the inclusion of physical activity related health benefits may result in the funding of more interventions that promote active transport, with the potential to improve population levels of physical activity and to reduce prevalence of physical activity related diseases. KeywordsActive transport, economic evaluation, physical activity IntroductionPhysical inactivity is the fourth leading risk factor for mortality worldwide (1) and is one of the main contributors to the global burden of non-communicable diseases. Physical inactivity increases the risk of many adverse health conditions, including obesity, coronary heart disease, stroke, breast and colon cancer, diabetes, dementia and depression (2-4). Rates of physical inactivity are high worldwide, with technological progress meaning that we now spend less energy in our everyday lives than our predecessors (5, 6). Coupled with the fact that we also have more access to energy dense foods, this constitutes increasingly obesogenic environments requiring ecological solutions (7-9). In order to 2 address the observed low levels of physical activity across populations, it is widely recognised that the incorporation of more incidental physical activity into everyday life is required through environmental, social, cultural and behavioural approaches (10).Active forms of transport, such as...

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Section: Setting and Location (Cheers Item 5)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Perspective and Comparators (Cheers Items 6-7)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement Of Effectiveness (Cheers Item 11)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mortality and Morbidity Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of economic analyses of active transport interventions that include physical activity benefits

et al. 2016

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Environmental, Health and Equity Effects of Urban Green Space Interventions

Hunter

Cleary

Braubach

2019

Biodiversity and Health in the Face of Climate Change

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As populations become increasingly urbanised, the preservation of urban green space becomes paramount. Despite the potential from cross-sectional evidence, we know little about how to design new, or improve or promote existing, urban green space for environmental, health and well-being benefits. This chapter highlights aspects to be considered when designing and evaluating urban green space interventions that aim to maximize environmental, social and health benefits, and address equity issues. Based on a review of international research evidence and a compilation of European case studies, the chapter addresses the variety of green space intervention approaches and their related impacts. There was strong evidence to support park-based and greenway/trail interventions employing a dual-approach (i.e. a physical change to the urban green space and promotion/marketing programmes particularly for park use and physical activity); strong evidence for the greening of vacant lots for health, well-being (e.g. reduction in stress) and social (e.g. reduction in crime) outcomes; strong evidence for the provision of urban street trees and green infrastructure for storm water management for environmental outcomes (e.g. increased biodiversity, reduced air pollution, climate change adaptation). Urban green space has an important role to play in creating a culture of health and well-being. Results show promising evidence to support the use of certain urban green space interventions for health, social and environmental benefits. The findings have important implications for policymakers, practitioners and researchers.

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