Urban health in India: who is responsible?

Gupta, Indrani; Mondal, Swadhin

doi:10.1002/hpm.2236

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Operation ASHA (New Delhi, India, www/opasha.org/) works with national programmes to provide free health services, including TB diagnostics and treatment, in India's urban slums and poor rural areas, where health care access is typically limited 12,13. Their approach includes community engagement, patient empowerment and biometric technology.…”

Section: Study Population and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis treatment outcomes among disadvantaged patients in India

Jackson

Doshi

Pan

et al. 2017

public health action

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Setting: Urban slums and poor rural areas in India, 2012–2014.Objective: To describe the characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) patients enrolled in treatment through Operation ASHA, a non-governmental organisation serving disadvantaged populations in India, and to identify risk factors for unfavourable treatment outcomes.Design: This was a retrospective cohort study. Patient characteristics were assessed for their relationship with treatment outcomes using mixed effects logistic regression, adjusting for clustering by treatment centre and Indian state. Outcomes were considered favourable (cured/treatment completed) or unfavourable (treatment failure, loss to follow-up, death, switch to multidrug-resistant TB treatment, transfer out).Results: Of 8415 patients, 7148 (84.9%) had a favourable outcome. On multivariable analysis, unfavourable outcomes were more common among men (OR 1.31, 95%CI 1.15–1.51), older patients (OR 1.12, 95%CI 1.04–1.21) and previously treated patients (OR 2.05, 95%CI 1.79–2.36). Compared to pulmonary smear-negative patients, those with extra-pulmonary disease were less likely to have unfavourable outcomes (OR 0.72, 95%CI 0.60–0.87), while smear-positive pulmonary patients were more likely to have unfavourable outcomes (OR 1.38, 95%CI 1.15–1.66 for low [scanty/1+] and OR 1.71, 95%CI 1.44–2.04 for high [2+/3+] positive smears).Conclusion: The treatment success rate within Operation ASHA is comparable to that reported nationally for India. Men, older patients, retreatment cases and smear-positive pulmonary TB patients may need additional interventions to ensure a favourable outcome.

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Section: Study Population and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis treatment outcomes among disadvantaged patients in India

Jackson

Doshi

Pan

et al. 2017

public health action

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“…Ezeh, Agho, Dibley, Hall, and Page (2015) determined that the lack of safe drinking water is one of the prime causes of higher IMR in Nigeria. Gupta and Mondal (2015) identified that lack of access to improved water sources is one of the main causes of higher infant mortality in certain Indian states. Khadka, Lieberman, Giedraitis, Bhatta, and Pandey (2015) mentioned regarding Nepal that increase in accessibility to improved water sources has resulted in reduction of infant mortality from 2006 to 2010.…”

Section: An Exhaustive Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Improved yet Unsafe: An Aquatic Perspective of Indian Infant Mortality

Banerjee

Sar

Pandey

2020

Journal of Health Management

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Infant mortality rate (IMR) is an important development indicator and a vital component of millennium development goals (MDGs) set by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). According to UNDP, so far India has only fared moderately in reducing IMR (Goal 4 of MDGs). India (32) ranks 144th among 196 countries regarding IMR as per the 2017 data availed from World Development Indicators. Its adjacent countries such as Bhutan (25.6), Bangladesh (26.9) and Nepal (27.8) have fared much better regarding infant survival. Numbers within the parentheses indicate the IMR of the respective country. The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) has identified that IMR among families with better access to improved drinking water sources and toilet is much lower than those bereft of the same. This inference has been drawn from National Family Health Survey 3 data (NFHS III). The present study investigates into the aforementioned relation analysing NFHS IV data. The result depicts that contrary to UNICEF’s findings, IMR increases with better accessibility to improved water sources. Further to this, the article shows that an additional aqua-related practice together with improved drinking water sources might lead to the betterment of IMR for India.

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“…10 Even in urban areas there is a wide gap in healthcare delivery among elites on one end and slums /shanty towns on another. 11 It is a matter of utmost importance to investigate the pattern of geographical distribution and level of expertise of health care providers" decade or two after completion of their basic medical training. We did a cross sectional study at 17 year follow up of medical graduates who were enrolled in year 2001 as medical trainees in GMC Nagpur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Professional outcome of medical graduates: a 17 year cross-sectional study from India

Pandey

Mishra²,

Markandeywar

2017

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: In India, long term data regarding professional outcomes and geographical distribution of enrolled medical graduates is lacking. This adversely impacts policy for efficient healthcare delivery. Methods: A cross sectional survey of students enrolled as medical graduates in year 2001 was done at single point follow up after 17 years. Along with demographic data, gender, seat quota, post-graduate qualification, type of practice, discipline of choice and current geographic locations were collected. Logistical regression model with odds ratio was used to analyse association between variables. Results: 192/200 medical graduates were analysed. Male: female ratio was 119: 73. 109 (56%) had post-graduate degree, 35 (18%) had post-graduate diploma, while another 24 (12.8%) completed super-specialty degree.125 (65%) completed post-graduation in clinical disciplines. 103 (54%) are serving government institutes. 54 (28%) practice in metro cities, while 48 (25%) are in non-metro capital urban locations. Only 44 (23%) are serving rural Indian population, while 17 (9%) are at foreign countries. General medicine (12.5%), obstetrics (8%), paediatrics (8%) anaesthesia (7%) and general surgery (6.7%) were the most common broad clinical specialities. Females had high likelihood to pursue obstetrics/ gynaecology {OR-11.4 (95%CI-2.6-48.7)}; while males were more likely to select medical {OR-0.54 (95% CI-0.25-1.0)} and surgical disciplines {OR- 0.42 (95% CI-0.18-0.98)}. Conclusions: Majority of medical graduates complete post-graduation courses, with preference for clinical disciplines. Less than one fourth of doctors serve rural population.

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Urban health in India: who is responsible?

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

Tuberculosis treatment outcomes among disadvantaged patients in India

Tuberculosis treatment outcomes among disadvantaged patients in India

Improved yet Unsafe: An Aquatic Perspective of Indian Infant Mortality

Professional outcome of medical graduates: a 17 year cross-sectional study from India

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