Urban Health Research in Africa: Themes and Priority Research Questions

Oni, Tolu; Smit, Warren; Matzopoulos, Richard; Adams, Jo; Pentecost, Michelle; Rother, Hanna-Andrea; Albertyn, Zulfah; Behroozi, Farzaneh; Alaba, Olufunke A.; Kaba, Mamadou; Westhuizen, Claire van der; King, Maylene Shung; Levitt, Naomi; Parnell, Susan; Lambert, Estelle V.; members, Riche

doi:10.1007/s11524-016-0050-0

Cited by 36 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, the distribution of the risk factors is likely to vary across and within countries and the relationship between health and the environmental factors is not necessarily a straightforward one. Although the population is predominantly rural and has the lowest proportion of urban population for any continents, Guyana is experiencing fast urbanisation with mounting challenges on health resources and environmental degradation [18][19][20][21]. While a low proportion of urban population can slacken development efforts, uncontrolled urban growth can create equally devastating consequences on population health and social stability that can eventually impede national prosperity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Subjective Health, Happiness, and Life Satisfaction among Young Adults (18‐24 Years) in Guyana

Wang

Liu

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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Abstract. Persistent urban-rural disparity in subjective health and quality of life is a growing concern for healthcare systems across the world. In general, urban population performs better on most health indicators compared with their rural counterparts. However, research evidence on the urban-rural disparity on perceived health, happiness, and quality of life among the young adult population is scarce in South American countries like Guyana. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to investigate whether subjective health, happiness, and quality of life differ according to place of residence among the young adult population in Guyana. Methods. Cross-sectional data on 2,434 men and women aging between 15 and 24 years were collected from the most recent Guyana Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey conducted in 2014. Outcome variables were perceived: satisfaction about health, life, and happiness, as well as life satisfaction before and after one year from the time of the survey. The urban-rural disparity in reporting satisfaction for these indicators was assessed by multivariate regression methods and by adjusting for relevant sociodemographic factors. Results. More than four-fifth of the respondents reported satisfaction with health (82.4%) and life (81.4%) and 77.9% reported being happy. A vast majority expressed improvement in life situation compared with a year ago (81.4%), and nearly all of the participants (95.4%) expect to have better life situation a year later. Multivariate analysis revealed an inverse association between rural residence and subjective health among men [OR = 0.518, 95%CI = 0.297, 0.901], and happiness [OR = 0.662, 95%CI = 0.381, 0.845] and life satisfaction [OR = 3.722, 95%CI = 1.502, 9.227] among women. Women having secondary [OR = 2.219, 95%CI = 1.209, 3.720] and higher [OR = 1.600, 95%CI = 1.041, 3.302] education also had higher odds of satisfaction with happiness. Conclusions. Our findings demonstrate the existence of significant urban–rural disparities in perceived health and quality of life among the young adult population in Guyana, especially among women. National health promotion projects should therefore take proper policy actions to address the underlying factors contributing to the urban–rural gaps in order to establish a more equitable healthcare system. Further researches are necessary to explore the underlying causes behind such disparities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Subjective Health, Happiness, and Life Satisfaction among Young Adults (18‐24 Years) in Guyana

Wang

Liu

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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“…Shiffman notes that these factors lack a theoretical basis, but the importance of ideas and how they are portrayed, as well as the strength of the institutions the policy community forms, become more salient factors of influence through some theoretical lenses (101). Perspectives of mental health advocates in an LMIC setting support the importance of coordinating a shared message among many stakeholders, active engagement with decision makers, and effectively communicating messages (111).…”

Section: Other Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Urban Adolescent Mental Health Into Urban Sustainability Collective Action: An Application of Shiffman & Smith’s Framework for Global Health Prioritization

et al. 2020

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“…There are also, yet to be fully explored, epidemiological and immunological interactions between communicable and non-communicable diseases, and urban, particularly informal, exposures (Oni, Smit et al 2016). Increasingly we are witnessing the wealthy and the poor sharing certain common spaces in the city but largely housed apart in apartheid spaces as if there were socially invisible -but sometimes all too physically visible and real -with walled-off estates inside cities (Ezeh et al 2017, Lilford et al 2017.…”

Section: Turning To Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cities and health: an evolving global conversation

Grant¹,

Brown

Caiaffa

et al. 2017

Cities & Health

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The Cities and Health journal sees its launch in 2017. Looking back over half a century of growth and global expansion in economic activity, although there have been societal benefits, negative impacts are starting to take their toll on planetary resources and human health. As we enter what is being termed The Anthropocene, the city is becoming the preferred habitat for humanity. The imprint of city lifestyles, in terms of both resource use and waste, is found across the globe, threatening the ecosystem services that support our health. In cities themselves, due to risks and challenges to health, we are witnessing a rise in non-communicable disease, twinned with infectious disease for the many who live increasingly in informal or slum urban development. High levels of health inequity are found within urban populations. The resultant health problems are placing increasing strain on health services, with pressure only set to increase due to continuing urbanization and ageing populations. Evidence increasingly demonstrates that many aspects of city and neighbourhood form, urban and transport design, and residential environments play an important role in mediating health and health equity outcomes. The new journal Cities & Health is being launched to support political, academic and technical leadership and transdisciplinarity in this field. For this endeavour we will need to reexamine the nature of evidence required before we act; to explore how academics, policy-makers, practitioners and communities can best collaborate using the city as a laboratory for change; and to develop capacity building for healthier place-making at professional and community levels.

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Urban Health Research in Africa: Themes and Priority Research Questions

Cited by 36 publications

References 18 publications

Determinants of Subjective Health, Happiness, and Life Satisfaction among Young Adults (18‐24 Years) in Guyana

Determinants of Subjective Health, Happiness, and Life Satisfaction among Young Adults (18‐24 Years) in Guyana

Integrating Urban Adolescent Mental Health Into Urban Sustainability Collective Action: An Application of Shiffman & Smith’s Framework for Global Health Prioritization

Cities and health: an evolving global conversation

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