Urban Heat Island and Green Spaces in the City of Skopje: An Environmental Health Approach Combined with Remote Sensing data

Abstract

Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) is a documented urbanization-driven phenomenon, causing higher temperatures in cities than in surrounding rural areas. Combining global warming, rapid urbanization, and UHI amplifies thermal stress, endangering public health. This research assesses the positive impact of greenery in reducing ambient temperatures during Skopje's summer. The cross-sectional study ran from 22.07. − 28.07.2022, in Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia. Monitoring temperatures thrice daily, we compared locations with and without tree coverage. Utilizing Landsat-8 data on July 22, 2022, we extracted SUHI patterns. Out of nine locations studied, four displayed (UHI) effects. The largest temperature difference, 7.9°C, occurred between a treeless one-way street and City Park. On average, temperature differences between the hottest and coolest spots were 6.8°C. All tree-covered areas showed lower ambient temperatures. Green spaces, like parks and tree-lined gardens, play a crucial role in mitigating thermal stress and counteracting UHI's adverse impact on public health. This research emphasizes the importance of urban planning and incorporating green infrastructure to combat UHI's detrimental effects amidst climate change and urbanization challenges. Policies promoting and preserving green spaces are essential for creating climate-resilient and sustainable cities prioritizing inhabitants' well-being.