Urban heat islands in China

Wang, Wei‐Chyung; Zeng, Zhaohai; Karl, Thomas R.

doi:10.1029/gl017i013p02377

Cited by 122 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Increasing urbanization in China has been shown to introduce bias in meteorological time series (Wang et al, 1990). With the exception of the capital Lhasa meteorological stations on the TP are located near small, rural settlements that have experienced only limited development in recent decades.…”

Section: Representativity Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic change on the Tibetan Plateau: Potential Evapotranspiration Trends from 1961–2000

2006

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Abstract. Time series of Penman-Monteith potential evapotranspiration estimates for 101 stations on the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas are analyzed in this paper. For the Tibetan Plateau as a whole potential evapotranspiration (PET) has decreased in all seasons. The average annual evapotranspiration rate decreased by 13.1 mm/decade or 2.0% of the annual total. Superimposed on this general decline are fluctuations ranging from app. 600 to 700 mm with above average rates in the 1970s and 1980s. On a regional basis, spatial trend distributions remain stable throughout the year with similar seasonal variations. Decreasing PET rates are more pronounced in winter and spring (80% of all stations) as compared to summer and autumn (58% of all stations). Maximum negative (positive) annual rates were recorded at two stations in the southern Qaidam Basin with −79.5 mm/decade (84.8 mm/decade) even though in general negative rates tend to be noticeably higher than positive rates.Changes in wind speed and to a lesser degree relative humidity were found to be the most important meteorological variables affecting PET trends on the Tibetan Plateau while changes in sunshine duration played an insignificant role. Stable daytime temperatures on the Tibetan Plateau have limited the importance of temperature trends for changes of PET rates. Negative evapotranspiration trends are therefore thought to be linked to a general decrease in intensity of the regional monsoon circulation rather than to reductions in sunshine duration. Reduced PET rates appear to be in contrast to a predicted increased hydrological cycle under global warming scenarios.

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Section: Representativity Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic change on the Tibetan Plateau: Potential Evapotranspiration Trends from 1961–2000

2006

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“…The heat island effect tends to be stronger in the nighttime hours than during Ž . Ž the daytime hours Landsberg, 1981 , and is also dependent on season Wang et al, . 1990 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long term changes in diurnal temperature range in Cyprus

Price

Michaelides²,

Pashiardis³

et al. 1999

Atmospheric Research

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Long term temperature data from two stations on the island of Cyprus have been analysed. Increasing trends of approximately 18Cr100 years in the annual mean temperatures are found at both stations. However, the minimum daily temperatures have generally increased at a larger rate than the maximum daily temperatures, resulting in a decrease in the long-term diurnal temperature range. This decrease ranges from y0.58Cr100 years to y3.58Cr100 years, depending on the location. The reduction in the diurnal temperature range is consistent with observations from other parts of the globe, and may indicate that the climate in this region of the globe is part of a larger global climate change that has been occurring over the last century. It is possible that long term changes in greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere are responsible for the long-term annual mean temperature increase. Furthermore, the changes in the diurnal temperature range can possibly be explained by increases in cloud cover andror tropospheric aerosols. It is possible that part of these changes is caused by local land-use changes, primarily by the increasing urbanization of Cyprus. q

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“…The key of this method depends on whether or not those sites or stations can be objectively classified. In general, such a classification utilizes either population data [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] or satellite data (such as nighttime light imagery and land cover dataset) [18][19][20][21][22][23] as well as the geographic location of the stations. In addition, Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) [24,25], Principal Component Analysis (PCA) [26,27] and station metadata [28] can also be applied to define reference or rural stations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some previous studies indicated that urbanization has little impact on regional warming [7,13,26,27]. However, recent investigations have suggested that the urbanization process can not only increase the local daily temperature, but also play an essential role in regional climate change [6,9,12,[14][15][16][17][20][21][22][23][24][28][29][30]35,36]. Using the OMR method, Zhou et al [29] and Zhang et al [30] found that the urbanization exerts a significant influence on temperature trends in eastern China.…”

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confidence: 99%

Urbanization and heterogeneous surface warming in eastern China

Yang

2013

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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With the homogeneity-adjusted surface air temperature (SAT) data at 312 stations in eastern China for 1979-2008 and the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) nighttime light data, the spatial heterogeneities of the SAT trends on different scales are detected with a spatial filtering (i.e. moving spatial anomaly) method, and the impact of urbanization in eastern China on surface warming is analyzed. Results show that the urbanization can induce a remarkable summer warming in Yangtze River Delta (YRD) city cluster region and a winter warming in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) city cluster region. The YRD warming in summer primarily results from the significant increasing of maximum temperature, with an estimated urban warming rate at 0.132-0.250°C per decade, accounting for 36%-68% of the total regional warming. The BTH warming in winter is primarily due to the remarkable increasing of minimum temperature, with an estimated urban warming rate at 0.102-0.214°C per decade, accounting for 12%-24% of the total regional warming. The temporal-spatial differences of urban warming effect may be attributed to the variation of regional climatic background and the change of anthropogenic heat release.heterogeneous surface warming, urbanization, surface air temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, eastern China Citation:Wu K, Yang X Q. Urbanization and heterogeneous surface warming in eastern China. Chin Sci Bull, 2013Bull, , 58: 13631373, doi: 10.1007 Surface warming over recent five decades is attributed to natural climate change and anthropogenic forcing. The anthropogenic forcing mainly includes the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) and aerosols, as well as the land use/ cover change (LUCC) [1]. Relative to the enhanced greenhouse effect, however, the climatic effect of LUCC has not been drawn sufficient attention. The urbanization is one of the extreme processes in LUCC [2]. It can alter surface vegetation distribution, induce regional climate change and increase uncertainty in future climate projection [3]. Moreover, large-scale urbanization can affect regional surface energy and water balance [4], and thus may intensify the frequency of extreme weather/climate events. Since both GHG and urbanization tend to increase the surface air temperature (SAT), it is quite difficult to estimate the relative contribution of either effect to the surface warming [5]. A variety of methods have been adopted to detect the climatic effect of urbanization. The most conventional and direct method is the so-called urban-minus-rural (UMR) method in which the SAT at urban and rural sites is contrasted. The key of this method depends on whether or not those sites or stations can be objectively classified. In general, such a classification utilizes either population data [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] or satellite data (such as nighttime light imagery and land cover dataset) [18][19][20][21][22][23] as well as the geographic location of the stations. In addition, Empirical O...

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Urban heat islands in China

Cited by 122 publications

References 7 publications

Climatic change on the Tibetan Plateau: Potential Evapotranspiration Trends from 1961–2000

Climatic change on the Tibetan Plateau: Potential Evapotranspiration Trends from 1961–2000

Long term changes in diurnal temperature range in Cyprus

Urbanization and heterogeneous surface warming in eastern China

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