Urban Integrated Meteorological Observations: Practice and Experience in Shanghai, China

Abstract

Observations of atmospheric conditions and processes in cities are fundamental to understanding the interactions between the urban surface and weather/climate, improving the performance of urban weather, air quality, and climate models, and providing key information for city end users (e.g., decision makers, stakeholders, public). In this paper, Shanghai’s Urban Integrated Meteorological Observation Network (SUIMON) and some examples of intended applications are introduced. Its characteristics include being multipurpose (e.g., forecast, research, service), multifunction (e.g., high-impact weather, city climate, special end users), multiscale (e.g., macro/meso, urban, neighborhood, street canyon), multivariable (e.g., thermal, dynamic, chemical, biometeorological, ecological), and multiplatform (e.g., radar, wind profiler, ground based, satellite based, in situ observation/sampling). Underlying SUIMON is a data management system to facilitate exchange of data and information. The overall aim of the network is to improve coordination strategies and instruments, to identify data gaps based on science- and user-driven requirements, and to intelligently combine observations from a variety of platforms by using a data assimilation system that is tuned to produce the best estimate of the current state of the urban atmosphere.

High-resolution urban observation network for user-specific meteorological information service in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, South Korea

“…Many countries and cities in Europe, North America, and Asia have conducted urban meteorological experiments and/or intensive observation campaigns for various purposes such as understanding urban meteorological processes and improving the predictability of urban high-resolution meteorological phenomena (Allwine et al, 2002;Cros et al, 2004;Rotach et al, 2005;Schroeder et al, 2010;Basara et al, 2011;Koskinen et al, 2011;Hicks et al, 2012;Wood et al, 2013;Nakatani et al, 2015;Tan et al, 2015). The observed meteorological variables, spatial resolution for each instrument in the network, and temporal resolution for each variable are determined according to the needs of various users: surface meteorology and service-oriented observation might be sufficient for real-time information services such as the New York Mesonet (http://www.nysmesonet.org); surface energy balance (EB) and vertical profiles are needed for advances in urban meteorology or high-quality and highresolution forecasts such as the Basel Urban Boundary Layer Experiment (Rotach et al, 2005) and Shanghai Urban Integrated Meteorological Observation Network (Tan et al, 2015); and radars are good for real-time services for severe weather and short-term forecast such as the Tokyo Metropolitan Area Convection Study for Extreme Weather Resilience (Nakatani et al, 2013(Nakatani et al, , 2015.…”

“…The observed meteorological variables, spatial resolution for each instrument in the network, and temporal resolution for each variable are determined according to the needs of various users: surface meteorology and service-oriented observation might be sufficient for real-time information services such as the New York Mesonet (http://www.nysmesonet.org); surface energy balance (EB) and vertical profiles are needed for advances in urban meteorology or high-quality and highresolution forecasts such as the Basel Urban Boundary Layer Experiment (Rotach et al, 2005) and Shanghai Urban Integrated Meteorological Observation Network (Tan et al, 2015); and radars are good for real-time services for severe weather and short-term forecast such as the Tokyo Metropolitan Area Convection Study for Extreme Weather Resilience (Nakatani et al, 2013(Nakatani et al, , 2015.…”

Modeling study of PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollutant transport across cities in China's Jing–Jin–Ji region during a severe haze episode in December 2013

“…Kang et al, 2013;Xu et al, 2013;Tan et al, 2015), municipalities and provinces of China Ji et al, 2014). The Jing-Jin-Ji region, located in central-eastern China, is not only one of Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.…”

Correction of Outliers in Temperature Time Series Based on Sliding Window Prediction in Meteorological Sensor Network

“…Meteorological observation data and meteorological information not only provide daily information for weather forecasts, but are also processed into important climate data for agriculture, forestry, industry, traffic, military, hydrology, health and environmental protection departments through long-term accumulation and statistics [1]. The meteorological disaster monitoring network using atmospheric remote sensing and high-speed communication transmission technology can directly issue a tornado, strong storm and typhoon weather warning in a timely way to the users [2].…”