Urban Parks and Social Inequalities in the Access to Ecosystem Services in Santiago, Chile

Barrera, Francisco de la; Henríquez, Cristián; Ruiz, Vannia; Inostroza, Luis

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/471/10/102042

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In a study of Phoenix, Jenerette et al [20] found that increases in median income of $10,000 were associated with a decrease of 0.28 • C in neighborhood temperature. In a study of Santiago, Chile, De La Barrera et al [21] found low-income neighborhoods to have temperatures 2.5-3.3 • C higher than in high-income districts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Dimensions of Thermal Inequity: Neighborhood Social Demographics and Urban Heat in the Southwestern U.S.

Dialesandro

Brazil

Wheeler

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Exposure to heat is a growing public health concern as climate change accelerates worldwide. Different socioeconomic and racial groups often face unequal exposure to heat as well as increased heat-related sickness, mortality, and energy costs. We provide new insight into thermal inequities by analyzing 20 Southwestern U.S. metropolitan regions at the census block group scale for three temperature scenarios (average summer heat, extreme summer heat, and average summer nighttime heat). We first compared average temperatures for top and bottom decile block groups according to demographic variables. Then we used spatial regression models to investigate the extent to which exposure to heat (measured by land surface temperature) varies according to income and race. Large thermal inequities exist within all the regions studied. On average, the poorest 10% of neighborhoods in an urban region were 2.2 °C (4 °F) hotter than the wealthiest 10% on both extreme heat days and average summer days. The difference was as high as 3.3–3.7 °C (6–7 °F) in California metro areas such as Palm Springs and the Inland Empire. A similar pattern held for Latinx neighborhoods. Temperature disparities at night were much smaller (usually ~1 °F). Disparities for Black neighborhoods were also lower, perhaps because Black populations are small in most of these cities. California urban regions show stronger thermal disparities than those in other Southwestern states, perhaps because inexpensive water has led to more extensive vegetation in affluent neighborhoods. Our findings provide new details about urban thermal inequities and reinforce the need for programs to reduce the disproportionate heat experienced by disadvantaged communities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Dimensions of Thermal Inequity: Neighborhood Social Demographics and Urban Heat in the Southwestern U.S.

Dialesandro

Brazil

Wheeler

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…In this regard, it is possible to infer that some of the modifiable structural conditions relevant in this context are urban planning policies that can be directed to allow everyone to live in healthier environments and have access to green spaces close to home. Unfortunately, access to green spaces and urban parks is not evenly distributed and reflects deep social inequalities in urban areas [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. This evidence suggests that environmental factors such as green spaces can influence the appearance of T2DM; however, the limitations with regard to the quality and quantity of the studies do not allow us to infer causality [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Space Exposure Association with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Physical Activity, and Obesity: A Systematic Review

Fuente

Saldías

Cubillos

et al. 2020

IJERPH

103

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a public health challenge that must be addressed considering the large number of risk factors involved in its appearance. Some environmental risk factors are currently described as predictors of diabetes, with access to green spaces being an element to consider in urban settings. This review aims to study the association between exposure to green spaces and outcomes such as diabetes, obesity, and physical activity in the general population. A systematic review was carried out using the PubMed, Embase, and LILACS databases and other sources. The search strategy was carried out from October 2019 to October 2020. Cross-sectional and cohort studies were included. The article selection was made by a pair of reviewers, and data extraction was carried out using a data extraction sheet. The quality assessment of the included studies was carried out using a validated tool. Finally, 19 scientific articles were included in this review. Evidence supports that people and communities exposed to green spaces, especially in their neighborhood, reduce the risk of T2DM and reduce the risk of being obese and increase the likelihood of physical activity. The onset of T2DM can be moderated by using green spaces, improving physical activity levels, and reducing the risk of being overweight and obese.

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“…Their analysis showed that in 72% of cases across twenty-five cities, neighborhoods with lower socioeconomic status encounter higher heat exposure, in accordance with the distribution of income within cities. De La Barrera et al [135] combined LST obtained from Landsat 15, NDVI, and normalized difference of built-up index (NDBI) with socioeconomic data at a census track level in Santiago (Chile). They found that temperatures in low-income neighborhoods were 2.5 • C to 3.3 • C higher than those in high-income districts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Urban Heat Vulnerability: The Tale of Three Alabama Cities

Fall,

Coulibaly,

Quansah

et al. 2023

Urban Science

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Urban heat vulnerability varies within and across cities, necessitating detailed studies to understand diverse populations’ specific vulnerabilities. This research assessed urban heat vulnerability at block group level in three Alabama cities: Birmingham, Montgomery, and Auburn-Opelika. The vulnerability index combines exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity subindices, incorporating Landsat 8 satellite-derived Land Surface Temperature (LST), demographic, and socioeconomic data using factor analysis and geospatial techniques. Results showed strong positive correlations between LST and impervious surfaces in Auburn-Opelika and Montgomery, with a moderate correlation in Birmingham. An inverse correlation between LST and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index was observed in all cities. High LST correlated with high population density, varying across cities. Birmingham and Montgomery’s central areas exhibited the highest heat exposure, influenced by imperviousness, population density, and socioeconomic factors. Auburn-Opelika had limited high heat exposure block groups, and high sensitivity did not always align with exposure. Correlations and cluster analysis were used to dissect the heat vulnerability index, revealing variations in contributing factors within and across cities. This study underscores the complex interplay of physical, social, and economic factors in urban heat vulnerability and emphasizes the need for location-specific research. Local governance, community engagement, and tailored interventions are crucial for addressing unique vulnerabilities in each urban context.

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Urban Parks and Social Inequalities in the Access to Ecosystem Services in Santiago, Chile

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Dimensions of Thermal Inequity: Neighborhood Social Demographics and Urban Heat in the Southwestern U.S.

Dimensions of Thermal Inequity: Neighborhood Social Demographics and Urban Heat in the Southwestern U.S.

Green Space Exposure Association with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Physical Activity, and Obesity: A Systematic Review

Differential Urban Heat Vulnerability: The Tale of Three Alabama Cities

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