“…These four pathways were categorized into two groups. The first comprises physical transformations, which involve housing mobility in poor neighborhoods (Owens and Clampet-Lundquist, 2017) health-related socioeconomic inequalities (Prasad et al ., 2018), social–spatial inequalities and gentrification (Hochstenbach and Musterd, 2018), creation of a built environment free of any natural disparities (Kraff et al ., 2020) and spatial manifestations (Poku-Boansi et al ., 2020); healthy communities, which involve health inequalities (Prasad et al ., 2018), health consciousness (Cysek-Pawlak and Pabich, 2020), healthy living (Horney et al ., 2020), human health (Wang et al ., 2020), public health (Iravani and Rao, 2020), health improvement (Swann et al ., 2021) and health equity (Williams et al ., 2022).…”