Urban PM2.5 oxidative potential: Importance of chemical species and comparison of two spectrophotometric cell-free assays

Visentin, Marco; Pagnoni, Antonella; Sarti, Elena; Pietrogrande, Maria Chiara

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.047

Cited by 133 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In general, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations were quantified using a thermo-optical analyser (Sunset Laboratory OC/EC analysers) [18,30], and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) was analyzed with a total carbon analyzer instrument [23]. From these values, the contribution of prima (POC) and secondary organic species (SOC) to OC was estimated [24,34].…”

Section: Analytical Methodologies For Chemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…OP measures the capacity of inhaled PM to induce a redox imbalance generated by the interaction of redox-active species present in PM with physiological species undergoing Fenton reactions and redox cycling [6,[8][9][10][11]. A range of acellular assays have been developed for measuring OP, having the advantages of low price, speed, practicality, and high data throughput, when compared to cellular assays [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Among them, the most commonly used are based on dithiothreitol as a proxy of cellular reductants (DTT assay, OP DTT ), or endogen antioxidant species, such as ascorbic acid (AA assay, OP AA ) and glutathione (GSH assay,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of PM Oxidative Potential Measured with Acellular Assays in Urban and Rural Sites across Italy

2019

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This work is an overview of the oxidative potential (OP) values up to date measured in Italy, with the aim to provide a picture of the spatial and seasonal variability of OP in the various geographical areas across Italy. The summarized works used the common acellular assays-based dithiothreitol (OP DTT ), ascorbic acid (OP AA ), glutathione (OP GSH ), and 2 ,7 -dichlorodfluorescein (OP DCFH ) assays. The paper describes the association of OP responses with PM chemical composition, the sensitivity of various acellular OP assays to PM components and emission sources, and PM size distribution of the measured OP values. Our synthesis indicates that crustal and transition metals (e.g., Fe, Ni, Cu, Cr, Mn, Zn, and V), secondary ions and carbonaceous components (elemental carbon, EC, organic carbon, OC and water soluble carbon, WSOC) show significant correlations with OP across different urban and rural areas and size ranges. These chemical species are mainly associated with various PM sources, including residual/fuel oil combustion, traffic emissions, and secondary organic aerosol formation. Although the OP assays are sensitive to the same redox-active species, they differ in the association with PM chemical components. The DDT assay is mainly sensitive to the organic compounds that are mostly accumulated in the fine PM fraction, i.e., tracers of burning sources, and redox active organics associated with other markers of photochemical aging. In contrast, OP AA and OP GSH were mostly responsive to metals, mainly those related to non-exhaust traffic emissions (Cu, Zn, Cr, Fe, Ni, Mn, Sn, Cd, Pb), that are mainly accumulated in the coarse PM. Among the investigated sites, our synthesis shows larger OP values in Trentino region and the Po Valley, that may be explained by the high density of anthropogenic sources, and the orographic and meteorological characteristics, that favor the pollutants accumulation and aerosol photo-oxidative aging. ). The acellular version of the 2 ,7 -dichlorodfluorescein (DCFH) assay uses the enzymatic production of the fluorescent probe largely used for the evaluation of oxidative stress in living cells.The present work summarizes the PM oxidative properties up to date measured in Italy using OP acellular assays, with the aim of giving a general insight of PM OP across the Italian territory, that has not been reported yet, in spite of the increasing number of OP measurements carried out in Europe [6,[19][20][21][22]. In addition, the study reviews the association described in previous studies between OP from different assays with several inorganic ad organic components, that effect PM oxidative properties, i.e., metals, ions, and carbonaceous components. The aim is to give a picture of the spatial and seasonal variability of different contributions to OP in the various geographical areas across Italy. The relevance of such an investigation is based on the large variability in the chemical composition of different PM size fractions in various locations across Italy, as a consequence of the stron...

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Section: Analytical Methodologies For Chemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of PM Oxidative Potential Measured with Acellular Assays in Urban and Rural Sites across Italy

2019

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“…Indeed a consensus has yet to emerge regarding a standard in vitro test system or combination of tests that would be most appropriate for PM-related health impact evaluation (Ayres et al, 2008). Only a small number of studies have compared different acellular OP measurements for a given set of ambient PM samples Janssen et al, 2014;Künzli et al, 2006;Szigeti et al, 2015;Visentin et al, 2016;. Yet, fewer studies have compared different assays over a year-long period to gain a better understanding of seasonal variability Jedynska et al, 2017;Saffari et al, 2014;Szigeti et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ESR assay employs the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) and is specific for reactive radical species, which for example result from partial reduction of dioxygen catalyzed by transition metal (Boogaard et al, 2012;Shi et al, 2003). The AA assays would be more specific to the oxidative potential of transition metals (Godri et al, 2011;Yang et al, 2014), but ascorbic acid is known to react with organics such as quinones (Shang et al, 2012;Visentin et al, 2016). All of these assays have shown some correlations with health outcomes in epidemiological studies (Abrams et al, 2017;Bates et al, 2015;Fang et al, 2016;Strak et al, 2017;Weichenthal et al, 2016a, b;Yang et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between five acellular oxidative potential measurement assays performed with detailed chemistry on PM<sub>10</sub> samples from the city of Chamonix (France)

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Many studies have demonstrated associations between exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) and adverse health outcomes in humans that can be explained by PM capacity to induce oxidative stress in vivo. Thus, assays have been developed to quantify the oxidative potential (OP) of PM as a more refined exposure metric than PM mass alone. Only a small number of studies have compared different acellular OP measurements for a given set of ambient PM samples. Yet, fewer studies have compared different assays over a year-long period and with detailed chemical characterization of ambient PM. In this study, we report on seasonal variations of the dithiothreitol (DTT), ascorbic acid (AA), electron spin resonance (ESR) and the respiratory tract lining fluid (RTLF, composed of the reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (ASC)) assays over a 1-year period in which 100 samples were analyzed. A detailed PM 10 characterization allowed univariate and multivariate regression analyses in order to obtain further insight into groups of chemical species that drive OP measurements. Our results show that most of the OP assays were strongly intercorrelated over the sampling year but also these correlations differed when considering specific sampling periods (cold vs. warm). All acellular assays are correlated with a significant number of chemical species when considering univariate correlations, especially for the DTT assay. Evidence is also presented of a seasonal contrast over the sampling period with significantly higher OP values during winter for the DTT, AA, GSH and ASC assays, which were assigned to biomass burning species by the multiple linear regression models. The ESR assay clearly differs from the other tests as it did not show seasonal dynamics and presented weaker correlations with other assays and chemical species.

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“…The ESR assay employs the spin trap 5,5-Dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) and is specific for reactive radical species, which for example result from partial reduction of dioxygen catalyzed by transition metal (Boogaard et al, 2012;Shi et al, 2003). The AA assays would be more 30 specific to the oxidative potential of transition metals (Godri et al, 2011;, but ascorbic acid is known to react with organics such as quinones (Shang et al, 2012;Visentin et al, 2016). All of these assays have shown some correlations with health outcomes in epidemiological studies (Fang et al, 2016;Strak et al, 2017;Yang et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between five acellular oxidative potential measurement assays performed with detailed chemistry on PM<sub>10</sub> samples from the city of Chamonix (France)

Calas¹,

Uzu²,

Kelly³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Many studies have demonstrated associations between exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) and adverse health outcomes in humans that can be explained by PM capacity to induce oxidative stress in vivo. Thus, assays have been developed to quantify the oxidative potential (OP) of PM as a more refined exposure metric than PM mass alone. Only a 15 small number of studies have compared different acellular OP measurements for a given set of ambient PM samples. Yet, fewer studies have compared different assays over a year long period and with detailed chemical characterization of ambient PM. In this study, we report on seasonal variations of the dithiothreitol (DTT), ascorbic acid (AA), electron spin resonance (ESR) and the respiratory tract lining fluid (RTLF, composed of the reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (ASC)) assays over a one year period in which 100 samples were analysed. A detailed PM 10 characterization allowed univariate and 20 multivariate regression analyses in order to obtain further insight into groups of chemical species that drive OP measurements. Our results show that most of the OP assays were strongly inter-correlated over the sampling year but also these correlations differed when considering specific sampling periods (cold vs warm). All acellular assays are correlated with a significant number of chemical species when considering univariate correlations, especially for the DTT assay.Evidence is also presented of a seasonal contrast over the sampling period with significantly higher OP values during winter 25 for the DTT, AA, GSH and ASC assays, which were assigned to biomass burning species by the multiple linear regression models. The ESR assay clearly differs from the other tests as it did not show seasonal dynamics and presented weaker correlations with other assays and chemical species.Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi

show abstract

Urban PM2.5 oxidative potential: Importance of chemical species and comparison of two spectrophotometric cell-free assays

Cited by 133 publications

References 36 publications

Review of PM Oxidative Potential Measured with Acellular Assays in Urban and Rural Sites across Italy

Review of PM Oxidative Potential Measured with Acellular Assays in Urban and Rural Sites across Italy

Comparison between five acellular oxidative potential measurement assays performed with detailed chemistry on PM<sub>10</sub> samples from the city of Chamonix (France)

Comparison between five acellular oxidative potential measurement assays performed with detailed chemistry on PM<sub>10</sub> samples from the city of Chamonix (France)

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Urban PM2.5 oxidative potential: Importance of chemical species and comparison of two spectrophotometric cell-free assays

Cited by 133 publications

References 36 publications

Review of PM Oxidative Potential Measured with Acellular Assays in Urban and Rural Sites across Italy

Review of PM Oxidative Potential Measured with Acellular Assays in Urban and Rural Sites across Italy

Comparison between five acellular oxidative potential measurement assays performed with detailed chemistry on PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; samples from the city of Chamonix (France)

Comparison between five acellular oxidative potential measurement assays performed with detailed chemistry on PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; samples from the city of Chamonix (France)

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Comparison between five acellular oxidative potential measurement assays performed with detailed chemistry on PM<sub>10</sub> samples from the city of Chamonix (France)

Comparison between five acellular oxidative potential measurement assays performed with detailed chemistry on PM<sub>10</sub> samples from the city of Chamonix (France)