Urban regeneration and mental health: Investigating the effects of an area-based intervention using a modified intention to treat analysis with alternative outcome measures

Kearns, Ade; Ghosh, Seemanti; Mason, Phil; Egan, Matt

doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102262

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Overall, we found mixed results, in that only some of the interventions (comprehensive or focused green and transport infrastructure) were associated with increased residential satisfaction, quality of life, and wellbeing for low-income residents and women. This weak evidence is partially in line with what was found in previous investigations of urban regeneration and mental health [20][21][22]. In their systematic review of controlled studies, for instance, Moore et al [22] identified small improvements in quality of life or social integration associated with green infrastructure interventions but no evidence of benefits associated with large regeneration projects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Since the publication of Montgomery's Happy City book [19], there have been increasing attempts to develop ways to measure the link between urban development and happiness [12]; however, there is mixed evidence on the association between urban transformation and psychological wellbeing. For instance, a study in Spain found that urban renewal projects focused on active travel and inclusive public spaces benefited residents' mental wellbeing [20], whereas another study in the UK observed no sizeable psychological benefits associated with housing regeneration projects [21]. Similarly, a recent systematic review of the impact of urban interventions on mental health [22], found limited and weak evidence for a positive impact of improvements to green infrastructure on quality of life and social isolation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Envisioning Happy Places for All: A Systematic Review of the Impact of Transformations in the Urban Environment on the Wellbeing of Vulnerable Groups

2021

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Urban planning and design can impact mental health, but it is unclear how ever-growing and changing cities can sustain the psychological wellbeing of vulnerable groups, who are among the most mentally sensitive to spatial inequalities. This systematic review synthesised quantitative and qualitative studies on urban design interventions and their impact on wellbeing in vulnerable groups. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched five online databases from inception to May 2020. A total of 10 papers were included. We found mixed evidence of benefits for wellbeing linked to urban regeneration projects or focused interventions (green spaces, transport, security). Interventions that were centred around participation, sustainable living, and quality of design (e.g., perceived sense of safety) were associated with increased residential satisfaction and wellbeing, particularly among low-income communities and women. Risk of bias was low to medium, but there was high methodological heterogeneity; studies were mainly from Western countries, and none of the included studies investigated the experiences of people with disabilities, migrants, or racial minorities. This review highlights the importance of inclusive and sustainable design interventions to create happy places for all strata of society, although further investigation is warranted.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Envisioning Happy Places for All: A Systematic Review of the Impact of Transformations in the Urban Environment on the Wellbeing of Vulnerable Groups

2021

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“…Individuals who develop mental health problems may experience feelings of depression, hopelessness, failure, fear, loneliness, and meaninglessness [ 77 ]. Therefore, for the second dimension, mental health, respondents were asked six questions: “How often do you feel depressed (variable named depression)?”, “How often do you feel like there is no hope (variable named hopelessness)?”, “How often do you feel you have failed (variable named failure)?”, “How often do you experience fear (variable named fear)?”, “How often do you feel lonely (variable named loneliness)?”, and “How often do you feel life is meaningless (variable named meaninglessness)?” The answers were coded from “1” (very low frequency) to “4” (very high frequency), which meant that the individual mental health status was ranked from good to poor [ 78 , 79 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous Influences of Social Support on Physical and Mental Health: Evidence from China

Yang

Yao

2020

IJERPH

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Employing a national representative survey (the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey 2016, CLDS2016) data (N = 14246), this paper examines the heterogeneous influences of social support on individual physical and mental health in China. Social support is characterized by four dimensions: emotional support, tangible or instrumental support, interaction or exchange support, and community support. Physical health is measured by self-rated health and body mass index (BMI), while mental health is measured by depression, hopelessness, failure, fear, loneliness, and meaninglessness. The results indicate that different dimensions of social support have heterogeneous effects on individual physical and mental health. Specifically, the correlation between emotional support and individual physical health is not significant, but emotional support is significantly related to some mental health variables. Tangible or instrumental support is significantly related to individual self-rated physical health but not to BMI or mental health. Interaction or exchange support is significantly correlated with individual self-rated health and some mental health variables. In general, there are significant correlations between community support, and individual physical and mental health. The results also suggest that the influences of social support on physical and mental health of individuals at different ages (<60 years and ≥60 years) are heterogeneous. The results of this study provide direction for the dimension selection of social support to promote individual health.

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“…None of the seven local environment improvement interventions [ 178 , 179 , 180 , 181 , 182 , 183 , 184 ] included a control group. Five studies examined if wellbeing changed over the course of the intervention, with only two reporting a significant increase [ 182 , 183 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Works to Improve Wellbeing? A Rapid Systematic Review of 223 Interventions Evaluated with the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scales

Blodgett

Birch

Musella³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Introduction: The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) is a commonly used scale of mental wellbeing focusing entirely on the positive aspect of mental health. It has been widely used in a broad range of clinical and research settings, including to evaluate if interventions, programmes or pilots improve wellbeing. We aimed to systematically review all interventions that used WEMWBS and evaluate which interventions are the most effective at improving wellbeing. Methods: Eligible populations included children and adults, with no health or age restrictions. Any intervention study was eligible if the wellbeing outcome was measured using the 7 or 14-item WEMWBS scale assessed both pre- and post-intervention. We identified eligible intervention studies using three approaches: a database search (Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PyschInfo and Web of Science from January 2007 to present), grey literature search, and by issuing a call for evidence. Narrative synthesis and random-effects meta-analysis of standardised mean differences in the intervention group were used to summarise intervention effects on WEMWBS score. Results: We identified 223 interventions across 209 studies, with a total of 53,834 participants across all studies. Five main themes of interventions were synthesised: psychological (n = 80); social (n = 54); arts, culture and environment (n = 29); physical health promotion (n = 18); and other (n = 28). Psychological interventions based on resilience, wellbeing or self-management techniques had the strongest effect on wellbeing. A broad range of other interventions were effective at improving mental wellbeing, including other psychological interventions such as cognitive behavioural therapy, psychoeducation and mindfulness. Medium to strong effects were also seen for person-centred support/advice (social), arts-based, parenting (social) and social prescribing interventions. However, a major limitation of the evidence was that only 75 (36%) of studies included a control group. Conclusions: WEMWBS has been widely used to assess wellbeing across a diverse range of interventions, settings and samples. Despite substantial heterogeneity in individual intervention design, delivery and groups targeted, results indicate that a broad range of intervention types can successfully improve wellbeing. Methodological changes, such as greater use of control groups in intervention evaluation, can help future researchers and policy makers further understand what works for mental wellbeing.

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Urban regeneration and mental health: Investigating the effects of an area-based intervention using a modified intention to treat analysis with alternative outcome measures

Abstract: Urban regeneration and mental health: investigating the effects of an area-based intervention using a modified intention to treat analysis with alternative outcome measures. Health and Place, 61, 102262.

Cited by 17 publications

References 49 publications

Envisioning Happy Places for All: A Systematic Review of the Impact of Transformations in the Urban Environment on the Wellbeing of Vulnerable Groups

Envisioning Happy Places for All: A Systematic Review of the Impact of Transformations in the Urban Environment on the Wellbeing of Vulnerable Groups

Heterogeneous Influences of Social Support on Physical and Mental Health: Evidence from China

What Works to Improve Wellbeing? A Rapid Systematic Review of 223 Interventions Evaluated with the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scales

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