Urban Runoff in the U.S. Southwest: Importance of Impervious Surfaces for Small-Storm Hydrology

Schoener, Gerhard

doi:10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0001610

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Simultaneously, comparing the optimized runoff coefficients calculated by this model, the optimization rate of ACO-SCS can be calculated. The SCS-CN model is derived from the water balance equation [76,77]. The model function is as follows:{Q=(P−0.2S)2P+0.8S, P>0.2SQ=0, P≤0.2 where Q is the surface runoff volume (mm), P represents the rainfall volume (mm), and S denotes the potential maximum soil-water capacity, whose function is as follows:S=25400CN−254 where CN is the runoff curve coefficient.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Optimization of Impervious Surface Space Layout for Prevention of Urban Rainstorm Waterlogging: A Case Study of Guangzhou, China

Zhao

2019

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With the rapid expansion of impervious surfaces, urban waterlogging has become a typical “urban disease” in China, seriously hindering the sustainable development of cities. Therefore, reducing the impact of impervious surfaces on surface runoff is an effective approach to alleviate urban waterlogging. Presently, the development mode of many cities in China has shifted from an increase in urban scale to the improvement of urban quality through urban renewal, which is the current and future development path for most cities. Optimizing the design of impervious surfaces in urban renewal planning to reduce its impact on surface runoff is an important way to prevent and control urban waterlogging. The aim of this research is to construct an optimization model of impervious surface space layout under the framework of a geographic simulation technology-integrated ant colony optimization (ACO) and Soil Conservation Service curve number (SCS-CN) model (ACO-SCS) in a case study of Guangzhou in China. Urban runoff plots in the study area are divided according to the area of the urban planning unit. With the goal of minimizing the runoff coefficient, the optimal space layout of the impervious surfaces is obtained, which provides a technical method and reference for urban waterlogging prevention and control through urban renewal planning. The results reveal that the optimization of impervious surface space layout through ACO-SCS achieves a satisfactory effect with an average optimization rate of 9.52%, and a maximum optimization rate of 33.16%. The research also shows that the initial impervious surface layout is the key influencing factor in ACO-SCS. In the urban renewal planning stage, the space layout of the impervious surfaces with a high–low–high density discontinuous connection can be constructed by transforming medium-density impervious surfaces into low-density impervious surfaces to achieve the flat and long-type agglomeration of the low-density and high-density impervious surfaces, which can effectively reduce the influence of urban development on surface runoff. There is spatial heterogeneity of the optimal results in different urban runoff plots. Therefore, the policy of urban renewal planning for urban waterlogging prevention and control should be different. The optimized results of impervious surface space layout provide useful reference information for urban renewal planning.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Impervious surfaces in urbanization have a great impact on surface runoff [80], which is a method to characterize surface permeability. So the calculation of CN needs to take into account the effects of impervious surfaces [77,81]. The formula of the modified CN is as follows.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Impervious Surface Space Layout for Prevention of Urban Rainstorm Waterlogging: A Case Study of Guangzhou, China

Zhao

2019

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Directly connected impervious areas ratio (DCIAR), that is, the ratio of impervious areas directly linked to the drainage system without the permeable zone cutting off (Boyd et al, 1994), has been demonstrated to be a better indicator than the total impervious areas ratio in much research (Yang et al, 2011;Burns et al, 2015) and is thus used in this study to depict the routing features of overland flow at different resolutions. In particular, during the early phase of storms with short-duration and low cumulative rainfall amounts, all runoff originated from the directly connected impervious areas, whereas unconnected impervious areas contributed almost no flow at all (Schoener, 2017). Therefore, the hydrological model outputs are highly sensitive to the change in DCIAR (Hwang et al, 2017;Meierdiercks et al, 2010;Guan et al, 2015), and DCIAR estimation is critical to accurate runoff estimation (Sahoo & Sreeja, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Scale Effect of Surface Routing and Its Parameter Upscaling for Urban Flood Simulation Using a Grid‐Based Model

Cao

Lyu

et al. 2020

Water Resources Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Urban catchments are characterized by a wide variety of complex juxtapositions and surface compositions that are linked to multiple overland flow paths. Their extremely high spatial heterogeneity leads to great sensitivity of hydrologic simulation to the scale variation of calculation units. Although extensive efforts have been made for investigating the scale effects and indicate its significance, less is understood of how routing features vary with spatial scales and further how the variation of routing features influences the hydrological response. In this paper, a grid‐based distributed urban hydrological model is applied to study spatial scale effects ranging from 10 to 250 m. Two parameters are proposed to quantitatively depict the routing features of overland flow specified for impervious and pervious areas. The results show that routing features are quite sensitive to spatial resolution. Large differences among simulations exist in the infiltration amounts attributed to the combined effects of the two routing parameters, which leads to opposite effects for both total flow volume and peak flow for various rainfall events. The relationship of the key model parameters at different spatial resolutions can be explicitly expressed by corresponding routing features. With this relationship, parameters transfer among different spatial scales can be realized to obtain consistent simulation results. This study further revealed the quantitative relationship between spatial scales, routing features, and the hydrologic processes and enabled accurate and efficient simulations required by real‐time flooding forecasting and land‐atmosphere coupling, while fully taking the advantages of detailed surface information.

show abstract

“…This metric captures connectivity and extent of impervious surfaces. Modeling studies have shown that EI predicts runoff volumes and storm event peak discharges well (Dewals et al, ; Guo, ; Lee & Heaney, ; Palla & Gnecco, ; Schoener, ; Shields & Tague, ). However, there is currently a lack of empirical studies examining the watershed‐scale effects of connectivity to SCMs on water quality, and only a few modeling studies exist (Jefferson et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Runoff and Nitrogen Loads From a Watershed at Different Levels of Impervious Surface Coverage and Connectivity to Storm Water Control Measures

Bell

Tague

McMillan

2019

Water Resources Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Urban development of watersheds increases runoff and nitrogen loads by adding urban impervious surfaces and increasing the hydrologic connectivity of these surfaces to streams. Storm water control measures (SCMs) are designed to disrupt this connectivity by retaining water in biologically active depressions where nitrogen retention, transformation, and removal occur. This work applies a mechanistic, spatially distributed, hydroecological model (RHESSys) to a suburban watershed in Charlotte, NC, with 15% total imperviousness (TI) and 33% watershed area mitigated by SCMs. We developed emergent relationships between watershed‐scale predictors (TI and connectivity to SCMs) and water and nitrogen response variables (storm water runoff ratios and nitrogen load by species). Results showed that annual runoff ratios were insensitive to increases in connectivity to SCMs (varying by ~1% of rainfall) because SCMs did not substantially increase evaporation but that runoff ratios increased by an average 0.2% per 1% increase in TI due to decreases in transpiration in the watershed. Generally, nitrate loads increased with TI but decreased as more surfaces were mitigated by SCMs. However, these nitrate reductions corresponded to increased export of dissolved organic nitrogen and ammonium. Together, these results indicate that SCMs act as both removers and transformers of nitrogen at the watershed scale. SCMs showed a net assimilation of nitrogen in warm months and net release in cool months, which offset the timing of nitrogen export relative to inputs. This work highlights that using a hydroecological, process‐based model reveals both the emergent relationships between watershed condition and response and the processes controlling those relationships.

show abstract

Urban Runoff in the U.S. Southwest: Importance of Impervious Surfaces for Small-Storm Hydrology

Cited by 26 publications

References 31 publications

Optimization of Impervious Surface Space Layout for Prevention of Urban Rainstorm Waterlogging: A Case Study of Guangzhou, China

Optimization of Impervious Surface Space Layout for Prevention of Urban Rainstorm Waterlogging: A Case Study of Guangzhou, China

Spatial Scale Effect of Surface Routing and Its Parameter Upscaling for Urban Flood Simulation Using a Grid‐Based Model

Modeling Runoff and Nitrogen Loads From a Watershed at Different Levels of Impervious Surface Coverage and Connectivity to Storm Water Control Measures

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About