Urban–rural differences in breast cancer incidence in Egypt (1999–2006)

Abstract

Objective-To describe urban-rural differences in breast cancer incidence in Gharbiah, Egypt and to investigate if these differences could be explained by known risk factors of breast cancer.Methods-We used data from the population-based cancer registry of Gharbiah, Egypt to assess breast cancer incidence from 1999 through 2006. The Egyptian census provided data on districtspecific population, age, and urban-rural classification. Incidence patterns of breast cancer by district and age-specific urban-rural differences were analyzed.Results-Overall, incidence rate of breast cancer was three to four times higher in urban areas than in rural areas (60.9/10 5 /year for urban areas versus 17.8/10 5 /year for rural areas; IRR = 3.73, 95% CI = 3.30, 4.22). Urban areas had consistently higher incidence of breast cancer across all age-groups for all years. Higher incidence of breast cancer was also seen in the more developed districts of Tanta and El-Mehalla. Conflict of InterestThe authors declare that they have no commercial or other associations that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with this article. Ethical Approval:This study used data stripped of all personal identifiers and was approved by the University of Michigan Institutional Review Board and the Gharbiah Cancer Center Ethics Committee.Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptBreast. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 November 7. Conclusions-Higher incidence of breast cancer in urban and more developed populations might be related to higher xenoestrogens, as well as other endocrine disruptors and genotoxic substances.

Assessment of Breast Cancer Risk Among Women Using the Gail Model, Egypt.

“…BC risk factors using the GM are as follows: current age, age of menarche, previous breast biopsies, including the number and presence of atypical hyperplasia, age of first live birth, family history of BC in first-degrees, and ethnicity (19). The findings of the current study support the growing body of evidence from female breast cancer incidence suggesting that age is a well-known risk factor for BC susceptibility 24, as the findings revealed that the majority the sampled women (59%) were in age group 35-45 years old.…”

Emotional Distress Associated with Gynecologic and Breast Cancer in Beni-Suef City

“…Surveys are published using these Gharbiah data up to 2007 and are limited to specific websites of cancer mainly breasted . (41,42) , and gynecological cancers. (40) None of these geographicallylimited studies and published rates could be studied as representative of Egypt, There is no doubt that cancer like other physiological phenomenon has social and emotional aspects and it is classified in the realm of behavioral sciences.…”

Female Breast Cancer: Socio-Demographic, Lifestyle, and Clinical Risk Factors - A Hospital-Based Study in Two Egyptian Governorates

“…The powers that introduce wider lifestyle changes are linked with urbanization, increased income, altered social and family structures, less physical activities, and more occupations [11,14]. FBC is a characterized by increase prevalence with age increment [15].…”