Urban-Rural Differences in Major Mental Health Conditions

Solmi, Francesca; Dykxhoorn, Jennifer; Kirkbride, James

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-2327-9_7

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 246 publications

(794 reference statements)

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“…Tavush Province is a rural region of Armenia. Generally, rural communities are associated with greater rates of suicide in comparison to their urban counterparts [ 7 ]. The economy of rural regions in Armenia largely depends on agriculture, including farming and cattle-breeding.…”

Section: Determinants Of Mental Illnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frozen conflict in the midst of a global pandemic: potential impact on mental health in Armenian border communities

Markosian

Khachadourian

Kennedy

2021

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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Armenia has been in a conflict with its neighbor, Azerbaijan, since 1988. Civilians in Tavush Province are regularly affected by ceasefire violations along the armed border with recent escalations further threatening the population's safety. In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns regarding the mental health of border village residents in Armenia are prevalent. We present context-related factors of psychiatric illness, the prevalence of mental health disorders, and the state of mental health services in Armenia. We recommend directing greater attention towards the mental health status of civilians residing in conflict zones during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Determinants Of Mental Illnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frozen conflict in the midst of a global pandemic: potential impact on mental health in Armenian border communities

Markosian

Khachadourian

Kennedy

2021

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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“…The prevalence of all situations/events is reported by their chronicity (never, one–two times, many times) and perpetrator type (adult living with the child vs adult not living with the child), separately for Jamaican girls, Jamaican boys, Ugandan girls and Ugandan boys. In this study, we also focus on the contribution of CAN subtypes for explaining three mental health sequelae (depression, anxiety and irritability) among the four samples of youths, including covariates such as sleep problems (Zhang et al , 2018), age (Bongers et al , 2003) and location (urban/rural) (Solmi et al , 2017). Based on prior research (Li et al , 2016; Negriff, 2020; Smith and Moore, 2013), we predicted that CAN subtypes would be significantly associated with depression, anxiety and irritability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child abuse and neglect and associated mental health outcomes: a large, population-based survey among children and adolescents from Jamaica and Uganda

Debowska,

Boduszek,

Fray-Aiken

et al. 2023

MHSI

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Purpose Few studies assess how child abuse and neglect (CAN) affects adolescents’ mental health. Further, the majority of studies conducted to date discount the individual CAN items and report overall prevalence rates for different types of abuse and neglect. The purpose of this study was to examine the levels of and gender differences in CAN subtypes, lifetime prevalence of individual CAN items and the contribution of different CAN subtypes for explaining depression, anxiety and irritability. Design/methodology/approach The sample included Jamaican (n = 7,182, 60.8% female) and Ugandan (n = 11,518, 52.4% female) youths. The authors used a population-based cross-sectional study design. Youths completed an anonymous survey in school settings. Findings The authors found gender differences in the levels of CAN subtypes. Maltreatment behaviors of lesser severity were more commonly endorsed by the youths than those of greater severity. Neglect and emotional abuse were the strongest correlates of depression (e.g. neglect: ß = 0.23, among Jamaican youths; emotional abuse outside-the-home: ß = 0.23, among Ugandan girls), anxiety (e.g. neglect: ß = 0.17, among Ugandan girls; emotional abuse outside-the-home: ß = 0.27, among Ugandan girls) and irritability (e.g. emotional abuse in-the-home: ß = 0.17, among Jamaican boys; emotional abuse outside-the-home: ß = 0.17, among Ugandan girls) in most samples. Originality/value These findings will inform policymakers and professionals working with youths in Jamaica and Uganda, providing comprehensive contemporary insights beyond existing research in these regions.

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“…Similarly, within the United States, the state‐level percentage of adults with any mental health illness ranges from 17% (Hawaii) to 23% (Oregon) 19 . Rates of general mental illnesses are higher in urban areas 20 but the literature is unclear as to whether there is a rural‐urban mental health risk gradient 21 . Oh and associates 20 posit that place of upbringing may play a role in mental health illness irrespective of current place of residence, and find a place‐of‐upbringing association with some mental health disorders, but also find rural upbringing is not statistically associated with anxiety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural US residents recognize anxiety better than urbanites and suburbanites but hold similar stigma

Loveridge

Skidmore

Shupp

et al. 2023

The Journal of Rural Health

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PurposeRecognizing signs of psychological distress is a critical first step in assisting people who are struggling with poor mental health to access help. However, community‐level factors that impact recognition and stigma are underexplored. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between rurality, other community‐level variables, and individual variables with regard to the recognition and stigma of anxiety.MethodsWe use a survey of US adults (N = 627), including a rural oversample, and a cloaked vignette approach. We assess the ability to identify anxiety and measure associated stigma. The analysis applies an ecological model in multinomial logistic regressions.FindingsAbout half of the respondents recognize anxiety from a list of possibilities when provided with a vignette detailing common anxiety symptoms. Respondents living in rural areas are nearly twice as likely to correctly identify anxiety than nonrural respondents. About one‐fifth of respondents agree with a statement designed to measure stigma: that exhibiting the symptoms is a sign of personal weakness. Respondents able to identify anxiety show less stigma. Respondents from counties with high mental health provider access were less likely to endorse the stigma statement.ConclusionsRural areas seem poised to reduce the stigma associated with anxiety, because residents are more adept at identifying anxiety than people living elsewhere. Future work could focus on effective mechanisms for reducing stigma associated with anxiety in rural areas, and whether anxiety recognition and stigma are changing.

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Urban-Rural Differences in Major Mental Health Conditions

Cited by 19 publications

References 246 publications

Frozen conflict in the midst of a global pandemic: potential impact on mental health in Armenian border communities

Frozen conflict in the midst of a global pandemic: potential impact on mental health in Armenian border communities

Child abuse and neglect and associated mental health outcomes: a large, population-based survey among children and adolescents from Jamaica and Uganda

Rural US residents recognize anxiety better than urbanites and suburbanites but hold similar stigma

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